Bell Clapper Deformity Summary

Overview

• Bell Clapper Deformity is a condition related to testicular torsion.
• It is characterized by an abnormal attachment of the tunica vaginalis to the spermatic cord, allowing the testis to rotate freely.
• Predisposes to intravaginal torsion of the testis.

Anatomical Details

• Defined as the complete investment of the testis, epididymis, and part of the spermatic cord by the tunica vaginalis.
• Occurrence rate: 5-16%.
• Bilaterality observed in 66-100% of cases.

History and Etymology

• First described in 1932 by Muschat as similar to a clapper in a bell.

Related Terms

• Bell clapper's deformity
• Bell clapper deformities
• Bellclapper deformity

Systems Affected

• Urogenital
• Paediatrics

References

1. Caesar RE, Kaplan GW. Incidence study via autopsy: Urology (1994).
2. Taghavi K, et al. Anatomical study: Journal of Pediatric Surgery (2020).
3. Muschat M. Pathological anatomy study: Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics (1932).
4. Aso C, et al. Sonography study: Radiographics (2005).

Visual Reference

• Figures and diagrams are available for visual representation of normal anatomy and bell clapper deformity.