[Applause] [Music] this is remin a public school science teacher in this video we will discuss about the chromosomes and genes specifically these are the objectives of this video number one for us to differentiate the terms traits genes chromosome chromatin nucleus and use and second describe the location of genes in chromosomes now this topics are important for you to be able to answer the week four activities in our module in science okay i want you to take a look at this picture on the screen so i want you to focus on the appearance or the characteristics of those that are included here how are you going to describe the characteristics of the persons here or the people okay now you will probably [Music] now question is how do we refer to these characteristics that each person individual person has then you are actually correct okay so traits are observable or inherited characteristics of a person next question would be what determines a person's traits now if you have an idea you can say it out loud okay now if you have answered and sorted to actually some word language if you have answered genes then you're absolutely correct actually genes are okay so genes are actually the functional units of heredity basic unit of heredity which is found in chromosomes chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of a cell okay so basically people should so i want you to take a look at this picture you can see here uh we human beings are made up of cells that's one requirement for all living things all living things are made up of cells in our case we are multicellular we are made up of billions of cells brain cells liver cells muscle cells blood cells intestinal cells and many other types of cells okay now in terms of cells this cells are still made up of much smaller structures and like among a much smaller structures then and that one's these are actually what we refer to as the organelles the definition of genes okay in our lesson in grade 7 we have learned that nucleus acts as the brain of the cell it's the control center because it controls and regulates the activities inside the cell and another important thing it actually contains the hereditary material information that tells us now pumasophile ions so this is a representation of the nucleus you have the endoplasmic reticulum on the side okay now what is inside of the nucleus inside the nucleus are thread-like structures we call the chromosomes which contains the genetic material okay so actually is made up of uh dna mamiya will discuss red light structure again that is your chromatin better once said like structuring an eye bug uh compress atmospheric neutral structure by that time you already call it a chromosome preparing for cell division structure of dna for chromosome highly condensed structure of dna okay now if we're going to take a look at the picture closely we will see the dna that is mentioned here you know strandedness so when we speak of the dna or deoxyribonucleic acid d deoxy ribo and then your n nucleic or nucleic and then a acid it actually is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code okay it is the hegetary material in humans and almost all other living things that's unique from person to person okay so you see here that's made up of different elements they're nucleus inside the nucleus you have your chromatin or chromosome and then this chromosome is made up of dna in genes so young genes national genes okay we made mentioned a while ago that genes pertain to the functional unit of gravity which is found in chromosomes which are in the nucleus chromosomes gene or genes pertain to the long segment of the chromosome or dna that codes for a certain tree so section segments okay so that is why this is very important that's why it is considered to be the functional unit of heredity about three okay so you have the cell we're all made up of millions or billions of cells inside the cell you have the nucleus uh satellite structure from let's have some more information about chromosomes in genes okay humans actually have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes 46 naganito 46 sang 23 pairs of chromosomes now these chromosomes come in pairs they have genes the same genes the code for proteins that express as the same uh tree so much arrangement i know so control different forms or alternative versions of the same genes okay they are located on the same part of the chromosomes so first you have traits these are observable inherited characteristics uh determined by the genes okay hair color uh blood type characteristics genes segment on a part section of the chromosome or dna that codes for a specific trait okay or codes for a protein that is needed to express a certainty okay chromosome highly condensed structure of dna inside the nucleus so when you compress x you know chromatin unraveled condensed structure of dna inside the nucleus instead like structure you have the deoxyribonucleic acid or the dna the genetic code or hereditary material in humans and other organisms and then you have the alleles different forms of the same gene which are located on the same part of the column and see you on the next one bye