Spinal Cord Muscle Innervation

Overview

• The spinal cord plays a critical role in muscle innervation, which is essential for movement and control of various body parts.
• This document provides reference tables for muscle innervation, focusing on the upper and lower limbs.

Muscle Innervation Reference Tables

Upper Limb

• Scapula Movements:

  • Elevation: Innervated by C3, C4, C5 with muscles like Upper Trapezius and Levator Scapula.
  • Depression: Innervated by C3, C4 with muscles like Lower Trapezius.
  • Retraction: Innervated by C3, C4, C5 with muscles like Middle Trapezius and Rhomboids.
  • Protraction: Innervated by C5, C6, C7 with Serratus Anterior.

• Shoulder Movements:

  • Flexion: Primarily innervated by C5, C6, C7 with muscles like Anterior Deltoid and Pectoralis Major.
  • Extension: Primarily innervated by C5, C6, C7 with muscles like Posterior Deltoid and Latissimus Dorsi.
  • Abduction and Adduction: Involve C5 to T1 levels with muscles like Middle Deltoid, Pectoralis Major.
  • Rotation: Internal and external rotations involve muscles like Subscapularis and Infraspinatus.

• Elbow Movements:

  • Flexion and Extension: Involve C5 to C8 with muscles like Biceps Brachii and Triceps.
  • Supination and Pronation: Involve muscles like Biceps Brachii and Pronator Teres.

• Wrist and Fingers:

  • Involve various muscles for flexion, extension, and deviations affected by C6 to T1.

Lower Limb

• Hip Movements:

  • Flexion: Innervated by L1 to L4 with muscles like Psoas Major and Rectus Femoris.
  • Extension: Innervated by L5 to S2 with muscles like Gluteus Maximus and Biceps Femoris.

• Knee Movements:

  • Flexion and Extension: Managed by L4 to S3 with muscles like Semimembranosus and Quadriceps.

• Ankle Movements:

  • Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion: Involve L4 to S2 with muscles like Tibialis Anterior and Gastrocnemius.

• Toe Movements:

  • Involve muscles for flexion and extension, affected by S1 to S3.

Categories

• Anatomy: Understanding of bodily structure, essential for physiotherapy.
• Spinal Cord Injuries: Covers effects and management of injuries.
• Neurology: Study of the nervous system, crucial for comprehending muscle innervation.

Important Notes

• Physiopedia is often a secondary source; for academic writing, referencing the primary source is recommended.
• This resource is informational and should not replace professional medical advice.