Lecture Notes: Rapid Review of Treatments for Various Conditions

Introduction

• Purpose: Auto flashcard review focused on high-yield information.
• Format: Easy-to-read text with visuals, allowing for both audio and/or video use.
• Usage: Can be used while multitasking (cooking, cleaning, walking, etc.), competitively with a study buddy.
• Content: Aligned with "First Aid for the USMLE Step 1".

Key Treatments by Condition

Neurological

• Absence Seizures: Ethosuximide
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Methylphenidate, Amphetamines, CBT, Atomoxetine, Guanfacine, Clonidine
• Tonic Clonic Seizures: Levetiracetam, Phenytoin, Valproate, Carbamazepine
• Trigeminal Neuralgia: Carbamazepine

Psychiatric

• Alcoholism: Disulfiram, Acamprosate, Naltrexone, Supportive care
• Alcohol Withdrawal: Long-acting Benzodiazepines
• Anorexia: Nutrition, Psychotherapy, Mirtazapine
• Bulimia Nervosa: SSRIs
• Depression: SSRIs (first-line)
• Bipolar Disorder: Mood stabilizers (Lithium, Valproic acid, Carbamazepine) and Atypical antipsychotics
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder: SSRIs, SNRIs (first-line), Busparone (second-line)
• Schizophrenia: Typical and atypical antipsychotics for positive symptoms; atypical antipsychotics for negative symptoms

Infectious Diseases

• Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (M3): All-trans Retinoic Acid
• Candida Albicans:
  • Vaginitis: Topical Azole
  • Oral/Esophageal: Nystatin, Fluconazole, Caspofungin
  • Systemic: Fluconazole, Caspofungin, Amphotericin B
• Chlamydia Trachomatis: Doxycycline and Ceftriaxone (for gonorrhea co-infection) or Oral Erythromycin (chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants)
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Imatinib
• Clostridium Difficile: Oral Metronidazole or Vancomycin (if refractory)
• Cytomegalovirus: Ganciclovir, Foscarnet, Cidofovir
• Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
• Neisseria Gonorrhea: Ceftriaxone (add Doxycycline for likely Chlamydia co-infection)
• Neisseria Meningitis: Penicillin, Ceftriaxone (prophylaxis with Rifampin)
• Staphylococcus Aureus:
  • Methicillin-sensitive: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
  • Methicillin-resistant: Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, Ceftaroline

Cardiovascular

• Stable Angina: Sublingual Nitroglycerin
• Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Idiopathic): Sildenafil, Bosentan, Epoprostenol
• Erectile Dysfunction: Vardenafil

Endocrine and Metabolic

• Diabetes Insipidus:
  • Central: Desmopressin
  • Nephrogenic: Hydrochlorothiazide, Indomethacin, Amiloride
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Dietary intervention, insulin replacement
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, insulin if refractory
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Fluids, Insulin, Potassium
• Hyperaldosteronism: Spironolactone

Autoimmune and Inflammatory

• Crohn’s Disease: Corticosteroids, Infliximab, Azathioprine
• Ulcerative Colitis: 5-ASA preparations, 6-Mercaptopurine, Infliximab, Colectomy
• Temporal Arteritis: High-dose steroids

Miscellaneous

• Osteoporosis: Calcium, Vitamin D supplementation, Bisphosphonates, Parathyroid hormone analogues, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, Calcitonin, Denosumab
• Prostate Adenocarcinoma: Flutamide
• Sickle Cell Disease: Hydroxyurea
• Warfarin Reversal: Fresh frozen plasma (acute), Vitamin K (non-acute)

Conclusion

• Overall Goal: Enhance recall of high-yield medical treatments.
• Recommendation: Utilize these notes as a study aid for efficient learning and review.