Overview
This lecture discusses Joseph McCarthy's rise and fall during the era of anti-communist fear in the United States, focusing on his methods, public reaction, and eventual censure.
McCarthy's Rise and Anti-Communist Fears
- During the 1940s and 1950s, Americans feared communist infiltration in the U.S.
- Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy capitalized on these fears starting in 1950.
- McCarthy claimed he had evidence of 250 communists in the State Department, though no proof was ever provided.
- He gained significant public attention by making sensational, unsubstantiated accusations.
Tactics and Impact of McCarthyism
- McCarthy frequently accused authors, activists, and officials of communism without solid evidence.
- This practice was known as red-baiting—making baseless accusations of communist ties.
- Accused individuals had to publicly defend their innocence, even without proof against them.
- McCarthyism created widespread fear and suspicion in American society.
Downfall and Public Backlash
- In 1954, McCarthy targeted the U.S. Army, leading to televised hearings.
- The Army's chief counsel sharply rebuked McCarthy, famously asking, "Have you no sense of decency, sir?"
- The televised hearings turned public opinion against McCarthy.
- The Senate censured McCarthy, ending his influence; he died in 1957.
Key Terms & Definitions
- McCarthyism — The practice of making unsubstantiated accusations of communist activity, named after Joseph McCarthy.
- Red-baiting — The act of accusing people of communist sympathies without proof.
- Censure — A formal reprimand by a legislative body.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the terms: McCarthyism, red-baiting, censure.
- Study the events of the Army-McCarthy hearings for greater detail on his downfall.