Overview
Vaginal yeast infections are fungal infections causing irritation, itching, and discharge, affecting most people assigned female at birth at some point. They are treatable and often not sexually transmitted, but recurrent or complicated cases may require special medical attention.
Symptoms
- Common symptoms include vaginal itching, irritation, and burning, especially during intercourse or urination.
- Redness and swelling of the vulva may be present, though harder to detect on darker skin tones.
- Patients may experience vaginal pain, soreness, and thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese with little or no odor.
- Severe symptoms, frequent infections, or infections caused by uncommon fungi may signal a complicated yeast infection.
Causes
- Most yeast infections are caused by the fungus Candida albicans.
- Normally, vaginal bacteria help maintain a balance, but disruptions can allow yeast overgrowth.
- Triggers for imbalance include antibiotic use, pregnancy, poorly managed diabetes, weakened immune system, and elevated estrogen from birth control or hormone therapy.
- Non-albicans types of Candida can cause harder-to-treat infections.
Risk Factors
- Antibiotic use increases risk by killing healthy vaginal bacteria.
- Raised estrogen levels from pregnancy, birth control, or hormone therapy heighten susceptibility.
- Poorly controlled diabetes further raises risk.
- A weakened immune system due to medication or disease increases vulnerability.
Prevention
- Wear loose-fitting underwear with a cotton crotch to reduce risk.
- Avoid tight clothing, douching, and scented hygiene products in the vaginal area.
- Do not use antibiotics unnecessarily or stay in wet clothes for prolonged periods.
- Refrain from using hot tubs and hot baths.
When to See a Doctor
- Seek medical advice if experiencing symptoms for the first time, uncertain about the diagnosis, or if symptoms persist after over-the-counter treatment.
- Medical consultation is also advised if other symptoms accompany a suspected yeast infection.
Recommendations / Advice
- Manage blood sugar effectively if diabetic to lower infection risk.
- Only take antibiotics when necessary and as prescribed.
- Seek healthcare guidance for recurrent or severe symptoms for proper diagnosis and treatment.