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The Propitiatory Sacrifice Debate Overview

Mar 3, 2025

Lecture Notes: Propitiatory Sacrifice Debate

Introduction

  • Speaker: Keith Enck, Elder Pastor at 125 Church.
  • Two other pastors: Jeremiah Nortier (moderator) and Nathan Hargrave (oversees feed).
  • Purpose: Discuss and understand the Savior, Jesus Christ.
  • Opening Prayer: Thankfulness for God's revelation and seeking to learn more through important tactics.

Debate Overview

  • Topic: Is the Mass a Propitiatory Sacrifice?
  • Venue: 125 Church in Jon Boro, Arkansas.
  • Participants:
    • Affirmative: Joe Hesm, Staff Apologist at Catholic Answers.
    • Negative: Dr. James White, Director of Alpha and Omega Ministries.
  • Format: Two presentations, cross-examinations, closing statements, and Q&A.

Participants' Backgrounds

Joe Hesm

  • Works at Catholic Answers, defending the Catholic faith.
  • Former attorney and seminarian, education from multiple universities.
  • Focuses on explaining Catholic doctrines.

Dr. James White

  • Director of Alpha and Omega Ministries, professor of church history and apologetics.
  • Author and accomplished debater on theological topics.
  • Focuses on defending Protestant Reformation principles.

Debate Structure

  • Opening Statements: 15 minutes each.
  • Cross-Examinations: 15 minutes each, two rounds.
  • Closing Statements: 5 minutes each.
  • Q&A: 30 minutes, priority to in-house questions.

Key Arguments

Joe Hesm's Affirmative Argument

  • The Mass is viewed historically as a propitiatory sacrifice by the early Christian church and reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin acknowledged this.
  • Old Testament evidence supports a sacrificial system involving priests, seen in prophecies like Isaiah 66 and Malachi 1.
  • New Testament evidence shows early Christians practiced Eucharist as a sacrifice.
  • The logic of sacrifice includes both the act of killing and the offering, not just the death.
  • Worship true to biblical standards involves sacrificial actions, not just prayer and study.

Dr. James White's Negative Argument

  • The sacrifice of Christ is once for all, complete and perfecting.
  • Roman Catholic view of ongoing, unbloody sacrifices (Mass) contradicts Hebrews' teaching of a finalized sacrifice.
  • The concept of a sacramental priesthood and transubstantiation developed over time and is not present in the New Testament.
  • True Christian peace and salvation come from a finished work on the cross, not repeated sacrifices.
  • The New Covenant in Hebrews contrasts with the repeated sacrifices of the Old Testament.

Cross Examination Highlights

  • Dr. White's Questions: Focused on the necessity of sacramental priesthood for the Mass and the development of Doctrine.
  • Joe Hesm's Questions: Probed Dr. White's interpretation of Hebrews and the timeline of Christ's sacrificial work.

Closing Arguments

Joe Hesm

  • Emphasized historical continuity and early church beliefs as aligning with the Catholic view.
  • Argued that the Protestant view lacks historical support and misunderstands the nature of sacrifice.
  • Invited attendees to witness a Mass to experience the practice firsthand.

Dr. James White

  • Reiterated the sufficiency of Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice for salvation.
  • Argued that the Catholic system of repeated sacrifices undermines the gospel's assurance.
  • Emphasized the authority of Scripture in understanding and defining Christian doctrine.

Q&A Overview

  • Questions focused on issues like the role of priesthood, development of Doctrine, and interpretations of key biblical texts.
  • Both Debaters addressed questions regarding theological differences, historical interpretations, and implications for modern faith practices.

Conclusion

  • The debate highlighted significant theological differences between Catholic and Protestant views on the Mass as a sacrifice.
  • Both sides presented historical and biblical evidence to support their positions, with audience engagement in questions reflecting diverse interests and concerns.