okay so uh good afternoon good morning this will be the part two of our discussion with sigmund freud and psychoanalysis so for this uh for this particular session uh what we will discuss is the stages of development of personality according to sigmund freud so this part of the of the theory uh This part of Freud's theory is the most, let's just say the most controversial since this is something that is already outdated and it is a bit sexist for our time. But during his time, during Freud's prime or during Freud's contemporary, he wasn't that kind of person. He wasn't frowned upon.
But of course, we have to contextualize. We shouldn't be Twitter cancelers or Twitter people who don't know how to do critical thinking. The behavior is different. The cultural norms are different.
The economic norms are different from the early times. Therefore, it's not a good idea to apply the current standards of our time to the standards of the olden times. So let's start. So Freud's theory of development is only up to early childhood.
So he didn't tackle the after of adolescence. Actually, adolescence is just a little. So from infant to infant until early childhood.
He didn't determine or didn't go to adulthood. The first reason is that almost everything didn't reach. ng adulthood, nung mga panahon nila. Maraming child mortality during their time since hindi pa uso ang antibiotics, hindi pa uso yung medical healthcare, modern medical healthcare. So, yeah.
So, hinati niya sa tatlo yan, infantile period from birth to 5 years old, which is the bulk ng kanyang theory. Latency period from 4 to 5 years until puberty. So both boys and girls usually but not always go through the period of dormant psychosexual development. So another thing next is the genital period which is puberty. Signals are reawakening of sexual aim and beginning of genital period.
So the genital period is called puberty or let's just say adolescent during that. But he didn't consider it as adolescent during his time. So let's go.
Next, so let's start with the infantile period. So, R.N.K. Freud, before, people are hesitant to accept that infants have sexual drive. But today, if you will observe infants, they have the tendency to please themselves by touching their genital areas. So, it's no use denying that children, or particularly infants, have their sexual drive, that have their libido.
So, ang first phase ng infantile phase would be the oral phase. Infants obtain life-sustaining nourishment through the oral cavity, but beyond that, they also gain pleasure through the act of sucking. So, dito niyo mapapansin na yung mga baby, they have the tendency to suck their tongue or just to put everything on their mouth or in their mouth, anything na mahawakan nila. If you have siblings, cousins, nephews, children, or infants, they will do that.
So there are two phases of oral phase. The first is oral receptive phase, where infants feel no ambivalence towards the pleasurable object and their needs are usually satisfied with the minimum frustration and anxiety. So first, of course, for babies, especially when they're breastfeeding, gratification is instant for them. So there's no need for them to become frustrated. But eventually, when it's the weaning phase, when the mother is removing the breastfeeding habits, the breastfeeding process, there will be an oral sadistic phase where infants respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their mouths, smiling, and crying.
So in the oral receptive phase, they just receive everything through their mouths. In oral sadistic phase, they destroy everything through their mouth. So, here's what I did. For example, someone gave me something to eat.
And or kaya naman pag nangangagat sila, minsan nangyayari ito during breastfeeding din, nagkakaroon ng oral sadistic phase. And cooing, closing their mouth, smiling, and of course, crying. Sino ba yung baby na hindi umiyang? That's a part of oral phase according kay Freud.
By the way, yung mga ito, di ba nga naalala nyo, be are driven by their sexual urges, and those sexual urges have erogenous zone. Yung buong katawan ng tao is filled with sexual energy or sexual drive. And throughout the phase of development, nalilipat yung mga erogenous zone na yun.
In oral phase, of course, obviously, the main erogenous zone, according to Freud, would be the mouth. And then eventually, after sa mouth, eh pupunta naman sa kwetan, yung erogenous zone, according kay Freud, which will start the anal phase. So the aggressive drive, which during the first year, life takes form in oral sadism, reaches fuller development during the second year when the anus emerges as sexually pleasurable zone. So yun nga, lumipat na sa anus.
So early anal period, children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects. at this time. The destructive nature of the sadistic drive is stronger than the erotic one.
So children often behave aggressively towards their parent for frustrating them with toilet training. So in the early anal period, the children are a bit aggressive, according to Freud. Especially when they are given toilet training. But eventually, in the later anal period, they sometimes take a friendly interest towards their feces. an interest that seemed that stems from erotic pleasure of defecating.
So masarap daw tumae. And then yung mga bata daw nasasarapan tumae, sabi ni Freud. So if children will be forced to withhold their feces, they may develop anal character.
So yung anal character daw na ito or fixation. Fixation, by the way, is also a defense mechanism. So parang pag nagkakaroon ng stress, parang bumabalik dito sa mga...
phases, sa mga developmental phases like oral or anal. Kaya mayang tinatawag ng oral fixation or anal fixation. So in this, pag masyadong napigilan yung mga bata sa kanilang pag-de-defecate, kung baga lahat scheduled, magde-develop daw ng order, kung baga magiging OC, kung baga yung isang tao. Kapag ganyan yung ginawang toilet training sa kanya, kung baga napaka-control free.
Kaya yung magiging personality daw ng bata is control freak. But of course, some people doubt this. There are some people I know that they are very open and defecate. I mean, kapag napapatay sila, sabihin nila napapatay sila. And they will do it, do the act without hesitating.
But they are very organized naman sila in their life. And there are some that are very, if we can just stop, don't be so aggressive. But their personality is not that organized.
So there's some here, like, hmm, Freud, do you know what you're talking about? Like, those moments here. But anyway, that's what Freud said, anal phase. It involves the toilet training and the fascination of people or the children with their feces.
Ay, nako. yung feces talaga kaya siguro may mura na shit kasi there's something about shit that we really like and then after ng anal period comes the most controversial phase sa period ni Freud which is yung phallic phase so sa phallic phase a time when the genital area becomes the leading erogenous zone so napupunta na sa genital for males in the penis and females in the vagina now. So this stage marked for the first time by a dichotomy between male and female development.
So according to Freud, anatomy is destiny. So therefore, the phallic phase is differently experienced by male and female. So the phallic phase is different.
The order of the phase is different. So the phallic phase is different. process, the male phallic phase, and the process of female phallic phase. So this is where the Oedipal complex comes in.
So if you remember, it says in Freud's background, Freud is very close with his mother. And it shows in his theory because in his theory, he said, during the male phallic phase, the child or the male child will develop sexual desire for her mother and hostility towards his father so we call that Oedipus complex from the legend of Oedipus if you know Oedipus the Greek something that he was suddenly kinnered that his mother was going to get married and then he was going to kill his father so what his parents did was throw him away in a faraway place and then eventually when he was thrown away in a faraway place Basta, to make the long story short, pinatay niya yung tatay. So that's where the Oedipus complex comes from. So Freud said that the men had this complex. And then, magkakaroon din ng castration complex dahil nga parang merong sexual desire for the mother and hostility to the father, eh parang maa-anxious ngayon si bata, no?
Na meron siyang impulses na ganon. So, the castration complex in the form of castration anxiety shatters the Oedipus complex. So, para, para, kumbaga, kumbaga, mati-realize ng bata na parang may mali dun sa impulses na yun. And then, uh, Doon sa impulse na yun, magkakaroon ng anxiety, which is the castration anxiety, yung feeling ng bata, eh baka putulan siya ng penis ng kanyang tatay. So therefore, yung castration complex na yun will shatter the Oedipus complex.
So yung Oedipus complex na yun is mawawala dahil doon sa anxiety na yun. And now, para mawala yung anxiety, syempre, kumbaga, may problem ka nung una yung sexual desire. And then, nasolve yung problem na yun by a cross... castration, anxiety, but it's still anxiety and the ego doesn't like anxiety.
So what will happen would be magkakaroon ng defense mechanism yung bata which is yung identification. So identification happens when you are presented in a situation wherein there's another figure, usually an authority figure that is parang gumagawa, parang natatakot ka dun. So authority figure na yun kasi powerful siya. So para makapag pag-cope yung ego mo, ang gagawin is mag-identify ka with that figure.
Kung pag-a, sasabihin mo na, ah, ako din, ganyan ako. I will be you so that it will not be so scary. Kasi pag ikaw na yung kinakatakutan mo, hindi ka na matatakot kasi very powerful ka na.
So, identification with the father can remove or can defend the ego. towards the castration and can defend uh and doing that that places the nearly completely dissolved edipus complex kasi nga yung edipus complex parang yan yung progenitor daw ng super ego sabi ni freud parang dito daw malalaman what is right or wrong dito daw mag uumpisa because I think you will notice it. Oedipus complex and then pata na realize ng bata there's something wrong.
So the superego is starting to bloom. And then the identification with the father will actually solidify the superego. Kasi papaltan niya na rin yung Oedipus complex ng totoong superego. Hindi lang siya half-baked.
Magiging totoong superego na siya with the identification of the father. So that's how the Oedipus Complex is resolved according to Freud, which came from the sexual urges of a person. It's an aggression.
Because Freud said that sexual drive and aggression is what drives a person. So this is the phallic phase for males. So if you have any questions, please take note of it, and then we will try to answer it on our synchronous session.
So with regards to the female, it's more... convoluted or complicated i don't know uh they have a castration complex but instead of Instead of castration and anxiety since there's no one to castrate, so the penis envy will happen to the women. This is where the controversial part begins.
So Oedipus complex develops as an attempt to obtain a penis, sexual desires for the father, and hostility towards the mother. So Freud said that the women are jealous of the father who has a penis, so he also wants to have a penis. Weird.
But that's what he said. So, ayun, parang ang tawag ng iba dito is electrocomplex naman, towards parang the same legend. Gradual realization that the Oedipal desires are self-defeating, parang marirealize daw ng babae or ng babatang babae na parang useless daw yung Oedipal complex na yan kasi never naman magkakaroon ng penis yung babae.
So, ang gagawin na lang ng babae is to identify with the mother. Because the mother, the child knows that the mother receives the penis through sexual acts. So this identification then will replace the Oedipal desire with the weak superego.
A weak superego replaces the partially disorbed Oedipus complex in women. So as you can see, It seems like Freud's view of women is low because he thinks that a weak super-ego can get it even if the Oedipal complex or electro-complex of women is resolved. And this is just weird. But Freud admitted that he does not know anything about women. He said that women are an enigma and not comprehensible to the straightforward nature of the male population.
So he said that men are easy to understand. And I'm going to bye-bye now. I have no idea.
He said, later in life, he said, what does a woman want? He said. So we have to take this with a grain of salt or maybe a kilo of salt because Freud does not know what he is talking about. He himself admitted that he has no idea with regards to female psychology. So that's it.
Freud is sexy. Just like his own time, Victorian era. Sexy sa mga Victorian era towards women. And then after that, after nung phallic period, is the end of infantile period na.
Pupunta na sa latency period, which is yung early childhood. Hindi, actually childhood to, 4 to 5 years old. So dito parang mawawala ulit yung sexual drive or magsasubside siya.
And boys and girls mingle with each other with no problem. If you notice, males and females who are 4 and 5 years old, they get along with each other just fine. No malice, no tension. They just play with other people their age.
And then after the latency period is the genital period wherein the puberty signals the reawakening of sexual aim at the beginning of the genital period. So first, adolescents give up autoerotocism. and direct their sexual energy towards another person instead of themselves. So second, reproduction is now possible.
And third, although penis envy may continue to linger in girls, the vagina finally obtains the same status for them that the penis had for them during infancy. So as Freud said, genital period is like reawakening of sexual desires among children or among people. Because reproduction is already possible. And then the penis envy, I don't want to emphasize this since it's not like that. I myself don't believe in this kind of stuff, that Freud set.
So, there. But there's a reawakening during puberty. You all know that, right?
When you're a teenager, the hormones disappear. The hormones. So, there. And then maturity.
Freud said that maturity is a stage attained after a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner. So ideal manner means to overcome the oedipal complex and then overcome the genital phase without any problem. Without any conflict with ego and superego. Unfortunately, Freud said, psychological maturity seldom happens.
because people have too many opportunities to develop pathological disorders and neurotic predisposition. So basically what he's saying is that there are no matured people. Or if there are, there are just a few. And I think I agree. Once you grow up, once you grow old, once you grow into an adult, you will realize some things.
For example, when we were young, We think that our parents or our elders already know what the world is like, they already know what they are doing in their lives, they already know what will happen, they already know what is right and wrong. But unfortunately, once you grow up, once you grow old, you will realize that those adults that you look up to are not all of them but most of them do not really have an idea of what's happening in the real world or even to themselves. So maturity doesn't come even when you grow old. There are some people who are chronologically old, but their maturity is not yet there. And there are some children that are just children but have more sense than some adults.
So I think I agree with Freud here. So now we will talk about the application of psychoanalysis. So psychoanalysis was primarily created or established to treat patients with psychopathology. There are clinical cases like depression, although it doesn't have a name yet.
Their catch-all term is hysteria. If you have depression, it's hysteria. If you have schizophrenia, it's hysteria. Especially if you're a woman.
So, there. There are no names. Although, they have... something in common which is anxiety driven, stress driven and it causes abnormal things like distress, dysfunction and danger to the person and the people around them. So the psychoanalytic therapy was born out of that.
So the primary goal of Freud of the psychoanalytic therapy is to uncover a press memory through free association and dream analysis. So our works by transforming what is unconscious into what is conscious and it works only in so far as it is in a position to affect that transformation so the main goal of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious you might have pressed memories you might have pressed feelings emotions impulses must be made aware so that we will have an idea So why are we doing that? If we have an idea, we can reconcile them.
And then we can do something about them. So how do we know? How do we... How do we uncover what is unconscious? There are several ways.
So first part of psychotherapy in psychoanalytic perspective would be free association. So patients are required to verbalize every thought that comes to their mind, no matter how irrelevant or repugnant it may appear. So, the classical psychoanalytic therapists, they have a couch wherein the patient will lie down.
Because Freud said, if you're lying down, your defenses are down. So, if your defenses are down, there's a higher chance that the unconscious will be uncovered. And to some degree, that's true.
That's the reason why there are more perks when you're on your phone shopping or Lazada. because you're lying down. If you're lying down, your defenses are down, so most likely you'll be on your Eid.
Your Eid will come out, the pleasure, pleasure, pleasure, buy, buy, buy, right? So there's a psychological explanation why there are more vouchers on the mobile version of Shopee and Lazada. Because that's it, free association, right? And then during the therapy, may chance din na as we uncover the unconscious, the unconscious feelings, usually those feelings are attached to people. And those people are usually someone who are close with you or who you are close with.
Yung mga feelings na yun, pwedeng matransfer yan especially if you're an authority figure yan. caregiver. Pwedeng matransfer yung strong emotions na yun sa therapist. Ang tawag dun sa transfer of emotion na yun would be transference. It refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patient develops towards their analyst during the course of treatment.
So there is a positive transference that can be helpful in the therapy kasi nga positive siya. So example, naaalala ng unconsciously. the patient remembers his or her father whenever he talks to the therapist so pwede niyang sabihin lahat na gusto niyang sabihin kasi nga comfortable siya but if it is a negative transference ibig sabihin eh yung feelings is hostility towards the therapist eh medyo mahihirapan yung therapist kasi magkakaroon ng resistance kasi nga hindi siya tiwala dahil may aggressive or meron siyang meron siyang aggressive feelings towards that person and in extension towards the therapist or the analyst.
So dapat maging aware si therapist dyan regarding sa transference pa and then use it to his own advantage or her own advantage. Okay? So that's why even, pero meron din tayong tinatawag na counter-transference actually.
The counter-transference is that the client is already in business. ang mag-transfer ng feelings, ang magta-transfer ng feelings is si therapist. For example, si therapist may issue sa father niya and then para naalala niya yung father niya din sa client.
So pwede magkaroon ng transference doon. That is dangerous according kay Freud. So that's kaya nga dapat sabi niya we are aware of our own unconscious then before we analyze other people's unconscious. Sabi nga ni Freud, Actually, Freud underwent self-psychoanalysis before he practiced the psychotherapy of psychoanalysis.
He said that all practitioners should undergo that kind of therapy so that the counter-transference can be avoided. And that is true because if we are not aware of our unconscious thoughts, we might pass it on to the client. And that's the end of the presentation. that's dangerous.
You are preaching that you have to uncover your unconscious to get healed. And then the main therapist is not aware of his or her own unconscious. It's weird.
That's why we should be aware of our unconscious desires, unconscious feelings, unconscious... So that we can properly help other people. So this instance, it happens when...
When the patient blocks their own progress in therapy, whether due to transference or some other... Because sometimes when unconscious patients appear, they defend themselves more. So that defense will come as a resistance.
Wherein the resistance is like, instead of... For example, there's a meeting or a session this week, the client will say, ah, next week only because this and that. So it's a sign of resistance.
It can be a good thing because it's a sign that you are actually entering the unconsciousness. Because the last line of defense is resistance. So, you just need to be a patient and therapist.
Ideally, when analytic treatment is successful, patients no longer suffer from debilitating symptoms. They use their psychic energy to perform ego functions that have an expanded ego that includes previously depressed experiences. So, our goal is to make the ego strong. How to make the eagle strong? The territory should be wider.
The consciousness should be wider. So that it can't be controlled by the unconscious. It's like in anime, right?
You have to confront the demons. For example, Ichigo. If you know Ichigo, when he becomes a vizard, he overcomes his hollow form when he confronts it. Although, this is more applicable to you, to be honest.
But, it's the same. Confront your id. Confront your unconscious so that it will not control you.
Okay? We can also do dream analysis. Freud said, the royal road to unconscious is dreams. So, Freud used dream analysis to transform the manifest content of dreams to a more important latent content.
So, in dream analysis, of course, he will tell the story. client yung dream niya and then may manifest content doon. May manifest content kung anong kinendo niya.
Surface meaning. For example, nakita niya si Thanos nakikipag-away sa mga magulang niya or something like that. That's manifest content. The latent content would be the unconscious material. So Thanos is of, ano ba meaning ni Thanos dun sa unconscious niya?
Maybe a tyrant or something. Merong mga ganoon na tas interpret daw ni Freud. kung anong meaning nun.
So in dream analysis, ng psychoanalysis, ang nag-analyze ng dream is si Freud. Although may part din naman yung client. But more on Freud ang nag-i-interpret.
Sabi mo ba yung psychodynamic, mas merong power to interpret yung mismong... But for Freud, he doesn't have one. He's a boss. So that's his thing.
Okay? So other applications would be Freudian slips. So if you're familiar with Freudian slips, that's the slip of the tongue phenomenon. Freud believed that many everyday slips of the tongue or pen misreading, incorrect hearing, misplacing objects and temporarily forgetting names or intentions are not chance accidents but reveals a person's unconscious intentions.
For example, Freud said, if you forgot. a person's name, you did not actually forget it but unconsciously you do not want to remember that person's name because you hate him or you don't like him or her. That's why you misread your best friend as breast friend.
Your sexual urges are coming out when it slips down. But it's annoying because sometimes How can you prove that those are unconscious desires? Unconscious is when you're not aware.
So maybe she's not aware either. Maybe it's not sexual urges. Maybe she's just stupid.
Maybe she doesn't know how to read or pronounce the words. Or maybe she just forgets. There are people like that. So there are issues regarding unconscious behaviors. That's what makes it hard for me to be unconscious.
Especially if it's just that. Unconsciously, that's what you want. That's why it's like that.
I'm not that bad at being unconscious. For example, I'm fighting with someone. And because he knows a little bit about psychology, he'll say, unconsciously, you really don't like me. You want to leave me or something. It's frustrating because it's hard.
because you yourself as a person, you don't know what your unconscious is. So that's one criticism about Freud actually. The falsifiability of the unconscious, it's hard to assume the existence of the unconscious because by definition, it's unconscious, you cannot know.
You don't know if it's something that is existing. So there. That's one of Freud's criticisms. But nonetheless, Freud's theory, in terms of usefulness, falsifiable ability is questionable, yes, but it generated a lot of research.
And in fact, it is considered the progenitor of all theories. Almost all theories came from here, especially psychodynamic theories, that are still useful until today. They still guide action. It organizes data then.
Internal consistency is a bit clunky for Freud but it's there. There is consistency but it's not like that. It's like penis envy.
You just do it. And it's not that parsimonious since there are so many moving parts. There's sex, there's sexual drive, there's aggressive drive.
And then what Freud just described here is abnormal development. He doesn't have... sinabi about hindi niya inano yung normal development. I think that's data organization din. Medyo hindi din siya pasado ng konti doon.
In terms of Persimonious ngayon, hindi siya ganun kasimple. Masyadong complicated yung mga ni Freud. But still understandable.
And generally speaking, Freud's theory is still useful up until now. Ginagamit pa din siya in one form or another. Hindi nga lang yung So... Because the psychotherapy of psychoanalysis lasts for a lifetime. So it's not practical.
So now they're using modified versions of psychoanalysis. In terms of concept of humanity, Freud is a determinist. Psychoanalysis is a determinist. It means everything is set in stone.
He is also a pessimist. He said people are doomed to fail. People are doomed to have... abnormal behaviors and we cannot do anything about it. It's also causal because the theory states that everything we do is explained by our past experiences.
Therefore, the past experiences cause the present behavior. We are also highly unconscious. We do not know everything about ourselves. We are all biological then.
As you can see, he said anatomy is destiny. And in terms of viewing humanity in terms of uniqueness or similarity, medyo nasa gitna siya since sinasabi niya na all people are similar. We have ego, superego in the conflicts, the drives. But unique in a way na we develop.
in a diverse way. There are others that have a stronger ego, a stronger superego, a stronger ego. So there's still uniqueness per person.
So that's the concept of humanity, Freud. Very negative, if you will ask me. But well, it's something that is there. Until now, it's still being talked about.
about so I think it has some merits okay so and it didn't engage a mama theories when Sean and I showing usefulness and at the same then the concept of humanity is something that is resonant with other people like a resonator say so how about you I do you agree with Freud do you have some issues with Freud what how will you How will you define your feelings about this theory? Of course, we're not just thinking people. We're not just cognitive. We also have feelings about the theory. So in terms of feelings, I think some of you will be repulsed, especially women, with this kind of theory.
And some of you may feel a resonance. There's a point, but not all of them. Maybe the majority of you would be like, that i agree with some points but some points are really questionable uh i myself is on that ground i think freud has a point on some things and he has now a point on some things i think that would be that's why i will add on your psychosexual development wala din yung sexual drive and aggression drive kasi that's too dense.
Anxiety is a good driving force. But aggression? Because aggression and sexual anxiety can be explained by anxiety itself. So, I don't know with you. So, you have to think about that.
Thinking about it will also make it more stick to your mind because you're meditating about it. So, I guess that's it. If you have any questions with regards to the theory of Freud, of course, you can always email me or take it down on a note. Take it down on a note.
Take note nyo na lang and then we will try to answer that on our synchronous session. Kung nainip kayo talaga, email nyo na lang ako. Okay?
So, thank you for listening and have a good day. See ya. Bye-bye.