ASVAB Auto and Shop Information Practice Test 2023

General Information

• 40 questions with explained answers to aid preparation for the ASVAB test.

Key Components in Vehicles

Electrical System

• Alternator: Recharges the battery and provides electrical power to the vehicle's systems.
• Starter Motor: Starts the engine using an electrical motor to turn the engine's flywheel.

Transmission

• Manual Transmission: Uses a series of gears; the driver manually shifts gears using a clutch pedal.
• Advantages: Greater control and engagement.
• Disadvantages: Requires more skill to operate.

Exhaust System

• Function: Removes harmful gases and pollutants.
• Catalytic Converter: Converts harmful pollutants into less harmful substances.

Fuel System

• Carburetor: Mixes air and fuel using the Bernoulli principle.
• Fuel Injection: More precise than carburetors; sprays fuel directly into engine cylinders.

Suspension System

• Provides a comfortable ride and maintains stability.
• Common components: Springs, shock absorbers, struts, and anti-roll bars.

Brake System

• Hydraulic Brake System: Uses hydraulic fluid to transmit force from the brake pedal to the brake pads.
• Anti-lock Brake System (ABS): Pulses brake pressure to prevent wheel lock-up.

Ignition System

• Purpose: Starts the engine and provides spark to ignite fuel.
• Common components: Battery, spark plugs, ignition coil.

Tire Maintenance

• Tread: Patterns of grooves on the tire surface.
• Tire Pressure: Important for safety and handling; measured with a tire gauge.

Advanced Systems

Differential

• Allows wheels to turn at different speeds; uses a set of gears.

Suspension Types

• McPherson strut and double wishbone are common in different vehicle types.

Air Conditioning System

• Works by compressing refrigerant gas; includes components like compressor, condenser, and evaporator.

Engine Components

• Timing Belt/Chain: Synchronizes engine's valve and piston movements.

Oil System

• Oil Filter: Removes contaminants from engine oil; replaced every 5,000 to 10,000 miles.

Miscellaneous

Tools

• Vice Grip Pliers: Useful for removing bolts with rounded-off heads.

Engine Performance

• Turbocharger/Supercharger: Increases engine power by forcing more air into the engine.
• PCV Valve: Regulates crankcase ventilation to prevent oil leaks.

Common Issues

• Engine Overheating: Often due to a clogged radiator; addressed by flushing and replacing coolant.
• Brake Fade: Caused by overheating and worn brake pads; requires proper maintenance.

Emissions Control

• EGR Valve: Reduces harmful pollutants by lowering combustion temperatures.

Summary

• These notes cover a broad range of vehicle systems and components critical for ASVAB preparation.
• Proper maintenance and understanding of vehicle operation are vital for vehicle performance and safety.