Lecture Notes: NRS 203 - Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance

Key Topics Discussed:

• Fluids

  • Importance in maintaining bodily functions
  • Types of body fluids and their compartments
  • Regulation of fluid balance

• Electrolytes

  • Definition and roles in the body
  • Major electrolytes covered:
    • Sodium (Na)
      • Function in the body
      • Regulation mechanisms
      • Impact of imbalances:
        • Hypernatremia
        • Hyponatremia
    • Potassium (K)
      • Importance in cellular function
      • Regulation in the body
      • Consequences of imbalances:
        • Hyperkalemia
        • Hypokalemia

• Acid-Base Balance

  • Importance of pH in bodily functions
  • Mechanisms of regulation
    • Buffer systems
    • Respiratory regulation
    • Renal regulation
  • Disorders associated with imbalance:
    • Acidosis
    • Alkalosis

Detailed Points:

• Fluid Regulation

  • Role of kidneys and hormones
  • Signs of dehydration and overhydration

• Sodium (Na) Details

  • Normal ranges
  • Mechanisms controlling sodium levels
  • Clinical signs of imbalance and treatment strategies

• Potassium (K) Details

  • Normal ranges
  • Importance of maintaining balance
  • Clinical symptoms of imbalance and interventions

• Acid-Base Disorders

  • Causes of acidosis and alkalosis
  • Diagnostic tools and techniques
  • Treatment options for correcting imbalances

Clinical Relevance:

• Case studies illustrating electrolyte imbalances and fluid regulation
• Discussion of patient management strategies
• Importance of monitoring blood values and symptoms

Conclusion:

• Recap of the importance of maintaining balance in fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base levels
• Future directions for research and clinical practice improvements