AP Psychology: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Introduction

• Last topic review video of AP Psychology.
• Covers treatments of psychological disorders.
• Preceding videos review disorders and entire course.

Psychotherapy

• Utilized to manage emotional, psychological, and behavioral challenges.
• Effective through evidence-based techniques and cultural humility.
• Requires a strong therapeutic bond.

Meta-Analysis

• Combines results of multiple studies.
• Identifies overall trends and effects.
• Calculates effect size to measure treatment effectiveness.

Evidence-Based Interventions

• Therapists use evidence-based methods for effective treatment.
• Cultural humility and therapeutic alliance are essential.

Psychotropic Medications

• Mid-20th century revolutionized treatment scene.
• Antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety drugs.
• Managed symptoms, reduced hospitalization, increased deinstitutionalization.
• Shift to community-based support services.

Therapy Options

• Group Therapy: Shared experiences, support, community, cost-effective.
• Individual Therapy: Private, specific feedback, more expensive.

Ethical Principles

• Non-maleficence: Do no harm.
• Fidelity: Trustworthiness and confidentiality.
• Integrity: Fairness and honesty.
• Respect: Informed consent and client autonomy.

Hypnosis

• State of focused attention and deep relaxation.
• Effective for pain and anxiety, not for retrieving past events.
• Risk of false memories if misused.

Psychological Perspectives on Treatment

Psychodynamic Therapies

• Free Association: Reveals unconscious conflicts and emotions.
• Dream Interpretation: Analyzes manifest and latent content.

Cognitive Therapies

• Identifies and restructures maladaptive thoughts.
• Fear Hierarchies: Gradual exposure to reduce anxiety/phobias.
• Cognitive Triad: Addresses negative thoughts about self, world, future.

Applied Behavior Analysis

• Modifies behavior through reinforcement and consequences.
• Exposure Therapies: Pairs stimuli with calming feelings.
• Aversion Therapy: Creates negative associations to reduce behavior.
• Token Economies: Uses tokens for positive reinforcement.
• Biofeedback: Real-time physiological monitoring for relaxation.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT)

• Combines cognitive and behavioral approaches.
• Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT): Mindfulness, emotional regulation.
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): Challenges irrational beliefs using ABCDE model.

Humanistic Therapies

• Focus on inherent goodness and potential.
• Active Listening: Therapist shows understanding and validation.
• Unconditional Positive Regard: Acceptance fosters growth.

Biological Perspective

• Disorders linked to biological processes.
• Psychoactive Medications: Antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, lithium, antipsychotics.
• Tardive Dyskinesia: Side effect of long-term antipsychotic use.

Medical Interventions

• Psychosurgery: For severe psychiatric symptoms.
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Non-invasive mood regulation.
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): For severe depression.

Conclusion

• Unit 5 and topic review videos complete.
• Resources available: review packets, quizzes, exam prep.
• Appreciation expressed for student engagement.

These notes cover key points from the lecture on treatments of psychological disorders in AP Psychology, focusing on various therapy methods, medications, and ethical considerations.