APUSH Units 1-5 Review Lecture Notes

Introduction

• The session covers APUSH units 1-5 in preparation for the exam.
• Lecture lasts about 1 hour 45 minutes.
• Celebratory shout-out for reaching 1 million subscribers.
• Super chats are accepted for teacher shout-outs until 9 PM Eastern.

Administrative Notes

• The lecture will be posted for later viewing.
• Shout-outs via super chats read between sections and at the end.
• Exam date: May 9th.

Unit 1: 1491-1607

• Overview: Pre-Columbian to the founding of Jamestown.
• Big Idea 1: Diverse Native American societies pre-European contact.
  • Societies varied by environment; e.g., Chumash, Ute, Cahokia, Iroquois.
• Big Idea 2: European colonization driven by political unification and trade.
  • Key players: Portugal (trading post empire), Spain (sailing west).
• Big Idea 3: Columbian Exchange transformed societies in Europe and Americas.
  • Examples: Crops (potatoes, maize), animals (turkey, cattle), diseases (smallpox).
• Big Idea 4: Spanish colonization changed American social/economic structures.
  • Encomienda system, African slavery rise, caste system.
• Big Idea 5: Evolving European & Native American relations.
  • Different understandings of land, religion, family roles.
  • Key figures: Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, Bartolomé de las Casas.

Unit 2: 1607-1754

• Overview: Colonization efforts by European powers, leading to cultural and economic developments.
• Big Idea 1: Different colonization goals among Spanish, French, Dutch, and British.
  • Spanish: wealth, Christianity; French/Dutch: trade (e.g., fur), fewer settlements.
  • British: social mobility, economic prosperity, religious freedom.
• Big Idea 2: Variances among British colonies in goals and societal structure.
  • Chesapeake: wealth from tobacco, New England: religious freedom.
  • Governance: self-governing, Mayflower Compact, House of Burgesses.
• Big Idea 3: Wealth generation through transatlantic trade.
  • Triangular trade fueled by mercantilism.
• Big Idea 4: European-Native American conflicts.
  • Examples: Metacom's War, Pueblo Revolt.
• Big Idea 5: Slavery's role in colonial economies and resistance.
  • Enslaved labor varied regionally, rebellions like Stono Rebellion.
• Big Idea 6: British colonists' cultural development and enlightenment impact.
  • First Great Awakening, resistance to British policies.
• Big Idea 7: Growing mistrust of British policies.
  • Impressment, autonomy desires.

Unit 3: 1754-1800

• Overview: French and Indian War to the creation and implementation of the U.S. Constitution.
• Big Idea 1: French and Indian War outcomes, land and tax burdens.
  • Proclamation Line of 1763, taxation issues.
• Big Idea 2: British colonial policies led to Revolutionary War.
  • Salutary neglect ends, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Tea Party.
• Big Idea 3: Enlightenment influence on independence.
  • Common Sense, Declaration of Independence.
• Big Idea 4: Patriot victory in Revolutionary War.
  • Leadership of George Washington, French alliance.
• Big Idea 5: Articles of Confederation weaknesses.
  • Lack of federal power, Shays' Rebellion.
• Big Idea 6: Constitutional Convention and federalism.
  • Great Compromise, 3/5 Compromise, Federalist-Anti-Federalist debates.
• Big Idea 7: New government structure under the Constitution.
  • Federalism, separation of powers.
• Big Idea 8: Revolutionary ideals affect society, inspire global revolutions.
  • debates over slavery, republican motherhood.
• Big Idea 9: Presidential precedents set by Washington and Adams.
  • Whiskey Rebellion, National Bank, XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts.
• Big Idea 10: National identity development in art and literature.
  • Artistic and cultural expressions.

Unit 4: 1800-1848

• Overview: Expansion and conflict in the new republic.
• Big Idea 1: Political debates, territorial expansion, and Supreme Court's role.
  • Louisiana Purchase, Marbury v. Madison.
• Big Idea 2: Regional interests vs. federal power.
  • War of 1812, American System, Missouri Compromise.
• Big Idea 3: Establishing American influence in the Western Hemisphere.
  • Monroe Doctrine, territorial claims.
• Big Idea 4: The Market Revolution and its societal impacts.
  • Technological advances, immigration, middle class rise, cult of domesticity.
• Big Idea 5: Expanding democracy and political parties.
  • Universal white male suffrage, party realignment.
• Big Idea 6: Andrew Jackson's presidency and federal power.
  • Tariff of Abominations, Indian Removal, Bank War.
• Big Idea 7: Efforts to define American identity through various mediums.
  • Transcendentalism, Second Great Awakening.
• Big Idea 8: Social reform movements driven by democratic ideals.
  • Temperance, abolition, women's rights (Seneca Falls).
• Big Idea 9: Southern cultural attachment to slavery.
  • Economic reliance on cotton, westward expansion consequences.

Unit 5: 1844-1877

• Overview: Manifest Destiny to the end of Reconstruction.
• Big Idea 1: Manifest Destiny and westward expansion motivations.
  • Natural resources, economic opportunities.
• Big Idea 2: Mexican-American War and territorial gains.
  • Texas annexation, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
• Big Idea 3: Slavery debates heightened by land acquisition.
  • Compromise of 1850, popular sovereignty.
• Big Idea 4: Immigration and nativism.
  • Ethnic enclaves, Know-Nothing Party.
• Big Idea 5: Regional labor ideologies and abolitionist movement.
  • Free labor vs. slave labor, abolitionist efforts.
• Big Idea 6: Compromise failures and sectional political rise.
  • Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision.
• Big Idea 7: Lincoln's election and secession of southern states.
  • Secession crisis, reasons for secession.
• Big Idea 8: Civil War mobilization and Union victory factors.
  • Population, industry, Lincoln's leadership.
• Big Idea 9: Reconstruction efforts and constitutional amendments.
  • 13th, 14th, 15th amendments, federal occupation of the South.
• Big Idea 10: Reconstruction's failure due to southern resistance.
  • Sharecropping, black codes, end of Reconstruction.

Conclusion

• Thanks for participating in the session.
• Encouragement for the upcoming exam.
• Reminder of the next review session.