Overview
This lecture introduces the core ideas of division and differentiation in human cells, focusing on cell types and the significance of gene expression during cell specialization.
Division and Differentiation in Human Cells
- When a cell expresses specific genes that define a cell type, it is said to be differentiated.
- Cell differentiation is essential for forming various specialized cells needed by the human body.
- Expression of genes in cells determines their function and structure.
Types of Human Cells
- Somatic cells are all body cells except those involved in reproduction.
- Germline cells are cells that give rise to gametes (sperm and egg).
- Stem cells can divide and differentiate into various cell types.
- Proper cell division and differentiation are critical for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body.
Stem Cells: Use and Issues
- Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types.
- There are ethical and practical considerations in the use of stem cells in research and therapy.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Differentiation — process where a cell becomes specialized by expressing certain genes.
- Somatic cell — any body cell that is not involved in reproduction.
- Germline cell — cell that leads to production of gametes (sperm or egg).
- Stem cell — unspecialized cell capable of division and specialization.
- Gene expression — activation of specific genes that determine a cell's characteristics.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the Higher Human Biology guide on division and differentiation in human cells.
- Practice using online quizzes to test understanding of cell division, differentiation, and related cell types.