Black Latino History in Mexico and Peru

Introduction

• African roots in Mexico and Peru often hidden or unrecognized.
• Many people are unaware of their African ancestry.
• Growing demand for the recognition of African roots and rights by black communities.
• The presence of a "black grandma in the closet" symbolizes the hidden African heritage in Latin America.

African Influence in Mexico

Historical Context

• More slaves imported to Mexico and Peru than the United States historically.
• Veracruz was a main entry point for African slaves in 1535.
• By the 16th and early 17th centuries, a significant portion of Latin America's slave population was in Mexico.

Cultural Influence

• Fandango music and dance in Mexico blends Spanish, Indigenous, and African traditions.
• Songs like "La Bamba" have African origins.
• African elements remain in the culture, language, and traditions of Mexican communities.

Racial Mixing and Visibility

• Black ancestry in Mexico often mixed and diluted, making it less visible.
• Racial mixing from the beginning of slavery led to a blended ethnic society.
• Even if not visibly black, African roots can be seen in accents and cultural expressions.

Prominent Historical Figures

• Vicente Guerrero, a leader in Mexican independence, was of African descent and became Mexico's president, abolishing slavery in 1830.
• Yanga, a runaway slave leader, established the first free town of African descent in the Americas.

African Influence in Peru

Historical Overview

• Lima was considered a black city in the colonial period with a significant slave population.
• The Spanish replaced indigenous labor with African slaves for mining and plantations.

Cultural Impact

• Afro-Peruvian music and dance have a rich heritage, preserved by artists like Susana Baca and families like the Balumbrosios.
• Festival celebrations and traditional music reflect African ancestry, despite historical discrimination.

Racial Challenges

• Afro-Peruvians face discrimination and are often marginalized in society.
• Recent efforts to acknowledge black heritage include a public apology from the Peruvian government for historical racism.

Modern Struggles and Recognitions

Efforts for Inclusivity

• African roots are often hidden due to historical and social reasons.
• Afro-Latino communities are advocating for recognition and rights.

Census and Identity

• Initiatives are underway to include Afro-Mexican and Afro-Peruvian identities in official statistics to better represent these communities.
• Recognition in census can lead to improved policies in education, health, and housing.

Cultural and Political Movements

• Activists push for the inclusion of Afro-Latino heritage in national narratives.
• Key figures in these movements argue for the importance of recognizing a multicultural identity.

Conclusion

• Black communities in Mexico and Peru continue to influence and shape their cultures despite historical challenges.
• Recognition of African roots is crucial for cultural richness and societal progress.
• There is a need for a broader understanding and acceptance of African influence in the cultural fabric of Latin America.