Typecasting

Introduction

• Typecasting: The process of converting a value of one data type to another.
• Common conversions:
  • Integers to floats
  • Floats to integers
  • Strings to booleans
  • Booleans to strings
  • Floats to strings
  • Strings to integers
  • Integers to booleans

Importance of Typecasting

• User inputs are always strings:
  • Convert to integer/float for mathematical operations.
• Truncate decimal portions by casting floats to integers.

Types of Typecasting

• Explicit Typecasting: Manual conversion using specific functions.
• Implicit Typecasting: Automatic conversion during operations.

Explicit Typecasting

• Variables:
  • String: name
  • Integer: age
  • Float: GPA
  • Boolean: student
• Using type function:
  • type(variable_name) to determine the data type.
  • Example: print(type(name)) # Output: <class 'str'> print(type(age)) # Output: <class 'int'> print(type(GPA)) # Output: <class 'float'> print(type(student)) # Output: <class 'bool'>
• Converting to Float:
  • Example: age = float(age) print(age) # Output: 21.0 print(type(age)) # Output: <class 'float'>
• Converting to Integer:
  • Example: GPA = int(GPA) print(GPA) # Output: 1
• Converting to String:
  • Example: student = str(student) print(student) # Output: 'True' print(type(student)) # Output: <class 'str'>
• Converting to Boolean:
  • Converting numbers: Any non-zero number is True, zero is False.
  • Example: age = bool(age) # Any non-zero number or non-empty string print(age) # Output: True (if age != 0)
  • Checking user input:
    • Non-empty string is True.
    • Empty string is False.

Implicit Typecasting

• Automatic conversion during operations.
• Example: x = 2 y = 2.0 x = x / y # x is implicitly converted to a float print(x) # Output: 1.0 print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'float'>

Summary

• Typecasting: Process of converting one data type to another.
• Two types: Explicit (manual) and Implicit (automatic).
• Examples:
  • Converting between strings, integers, floats, and booleans.

Reminder

• Explicit Conversion Functions: int(), float(), str(), bool()
• Implicit conversion occurs during operations such as arithmetic.

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