AP Physics 1 Review Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Objective: Quick review of the AP Physics 1 curriculum in 30 minutes.
• Resources: Longer review playlist and the Ultimate Exam Slayer and Review Packet available.
• Note: No questions during the review.

Unit 1: Kinematics

• Vectors vs Scalars:
  • Vectors have magnitude & direction.
  • Scalars have magnitude only.
• Distance & Displacement:
  • Distance: Path length.
  • Displacement: Straight-line distance (vector).
• Velocity & Acceleration:
  • Average velocity = Displacement / Change in time.
  • Average acceleration = Change in velocity / Change in time.
  • Instantaneous values consider very small time intervals.
• Uniformly Accelerated Motion Equations (UAM):
  • 5 variables, 4 equations; need 3 to find others.

Graphs in Motion

• Position vs. Time Graph:
  • Slope = Velocity.
• Velocity vs. Time Graph:
  • Slope = Acceleration.
  • Area = Change in position.
• Acceleration vs. Time Graph:
  • Area = Change in velocity.

Projectile Motion

• Only gravitational force: Acceleration = 9.81 m/s² (use 10 m/s² for exams).
• Equations:
  • Y-direction: UAM equations.
  • X-direction: Constant velocity.
  • Relative motion involves vector addition.

Unit 2: Forces and Translational Dynamics

• Center of Mass: Sum of (mass times position) / total mass.
• Free Body Diagrams:
  • Show all forces.
  • Start at center of mass.
  • Force normal is perpendicular to surface.
  • Tension is parallel to rope direction.
• Newton’s Laws:
  • First (Inertia): Rest remains rest, motion remains constant velocity unless acted upon.
  • Second: Net force = mass * acceleration.
  • Third: Equal and opposite forces.*

Friction

• Kinetic Friction: Coefficient * Force normal.
• Static Friction: Adjusts up to a maximum value.
• Gravitational Force: Mass and gravitational field strength.*

Springs and Circular Motion

• Hooke's Law: Force = -spring constant * displacement.
• Circular Motion:
  • Tangential velocity and centripetal acceleration.
  • Centripetal force = mass * centripetal acceleration.

Unit 3: Work, Energy, and Power

• Kinetic Energy: 0.5 * mass * speed².
• Work: Force * displacement * cos(theta).
• Energy Types:
  • Kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential.
• Power: Rate of energy change.

Unit 4: Linear Momentum

• Momentum: mass * velocity.
• Impulse: Change in momentum; Force * time.
• Collisions:
  • Elastic: Kinetic energy conserved.
  • Inelastic: Kinetic energy not conserved.

Unit 5: Torque and Rotational Dynamics

• Torque: r * Force * sin(theta).
• Rotational Inertia: Mass distribution in relation to axis.
• Equilibrium: Net torque = 0.

Unit 6: Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems

• Rotational Kinetic Energy: 0.5 * rotational inertia * angular speed².
• Angular Momentum: Rotational inertia * angular velocity.*

Unit 7: Oscillations

• Simple Harmonic Motion: Restoring force proportional to displacement.
• Mass-Spring System: Period = 2 * pi * sqrt(mass/spring constant).

Unit 8: Fluids

• Density: Mass/Volume.
• Pressure: Force/Area.
• Buoyant Force: Weight of displaced fluid.
• Bernoulli’s Principle: Fluid speed vs pressure.

Conclusion

• Additional resources available for deeper understanding and exam preparation.
• Encouragement and confidence in students' ability to succeed.