Lecture Notes: The Declaration of Independence and The Enlightenment

Introduction

• Focus on the Declaration of Independence as a foundational document for AP Government.
• Three main sections of the Declaration:
  • Preamble
  • List of grievances against King George III
  • Resolution for independence
• Emphasis on Enlightenment ideals in the Preamble.

Purpose of the Declaration

• Justification for the American colonies breaking away from Britain.
• Written by Thomas Jefferson.
• Audience: Not only King George but also the broader public.
• Goals:
  1. Rally support from colonists.
  2. Secure foreign allies.

Enlightenment Influence

• Famous line: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."
• Based on natural rights theory, especially John Locke's ideas.
• Rights are from the Creator, not the government.
• Purpose of government: Protect natural rights.

Popular Sovereignty and Social Contract

• Governments derive power from the consent of the governed (people).
• Rousseau's idea: Popular sovereignty and social contract.
  • Popular Sovereignty: Power to govern comes from the people.
  • Social Contract: People give some power to the government to protect natural rights.

Right to Revolution

• If a government fails to protect these rights, people have the right to change or abolish it.
• Creation of a new government that secures safety and happiness.
• Colonists' actions post-Declaration: Establishing a government aligned with these ideals.

Conclusion

• Critical understanding of the Declaration for AP Government.
• Suggested materials: Playlist on foundational documents, review packets for exam preparation.

Use this guide to understand the Declaration of Independence's context, Enlightenment influences, and its role in shaping the principles of governance in the American colonies.