Transcript for:
Communication Systems and Networking Basics

[Music] Hello Evin, Assalamu Alaikum to you all. Welcome everyone to this edition of our One-Sho revision. So, the chapter we covered today is on the playlist. That is the number two of ICT. Chapter Our Communication System and Everyone is pretty afraid of this chapter of networking. Gets it because he thinks he has memorized the chapter. Not a type of butt at all, paying attention to class. If you do, you won't have to memorize anything. Every thing will live in your ears. I guarantee that the class will pay attention. I will give you every definition of A and B. MCQs cover everything from C to D. It will be over and we will be in this class. Questions that have been coming to the board over the years I will solve everything. So much You will receive this in two to two and a half hours. Everything you need in the chapter It will be covered. Just pay attention to the class. Must do. So the rest of the chapters of ICT One-shots are also available on our channel. Yes. If you are new to this video, Stay tuned to explore the rest of the one-shots. Do it. Which will be very useful to you. Her Along with our physics one-shots It's on the channel. Almost eight in Physics The chapter has been uploaded. The remaining six are also available. Will come. So, these are one-shots, God willing. Take classes. Just a test after class. Solve CQ MCQs from the paper. That's enough. In class, you Board CQ MCQ every thing It is solved. So just one shot you. Explore. To do well on your exams. I guarantee it. Just Oneshot You will watch everything and practice it yourself. So let's start today's chapter. Today Pre-school communication system and Networking. I already told you that I guarantee every definition. And everything will live in your ears. Yours You don't have to memorize anything. Chapter 10 The first thing we will read is Communication network. That is, communication The system is what we have at the beginning. I will read. At the beginning, the definition comes from here that What is a communication system? Number A The question arises. Okay? So communication is said. What does it mean? You are talking to someone. This thing is a communication. That means What happens in communication? You are one. You are communicating with me. You are the matter. Understand. You already know that, right? What is the matter? We have one. There is a sender and a recipient. Sender Did you say send from the sender? Send it to the recipient. That's basically it. Main communication system. Right? Or Maine The theme is that you will have a sender and You will have a recipient. That's yours. Will receive. The information you have is yours. He will receive the message if he has it. So what does communication system mean? What if I had to give a one-line definition? Shall I tell you? How can it survive in the ear? I would say The way in which the sender reaches the recipient Or the method by which data is exchanged It is called a communication system. Her I mean, the definition is absolutely clear to the ear. It's ringing inside. That means from the sender. The method by which the data is delivered to the recipient What is exchanged is called Communication system. A little later we will I will read a good definition. The word medium I will include. From sender to recipient To exchange data over a specific medium. The process of giving is called Communication system. I hope the definition Absolutely clear. That means communication. To establish a system or communication We need two things for this. Sender needed, receiver needed. What else? Would you say you need it? What information will we send? The thing that we are, the box of sweets What else should I send? Okay? And sweets I need the box. That means the information is ours. It will take. What does that mean without these three elements? Are you saying communication is possible? Not possible. Her I mean, we need the information, a sender. You need a recipient who is receiving the information. Will receive. That means three things for us. Mast. Another thing we need is something that is happening. Medium. Because for information exchange Medium is needed. There are two types of social media. Yes. One is its medium, one is Wireless media that we will discuss later I will read slowly. Okay? So her In what format would you like to send it via? Through it you can send it in electronic form or Send it in the form of voltage. What format should I send it in? In the form of voltage. In what format should you send the information? In the form of voltage. And the medium without it is You send it there in the form of waves. These We will read the details later. Okay? For now, remember our data sharing. What do we need to do? Recipient needed, The sender is needed and the information is needed and a Specific medium is needed. Maybe mine. The data is coming to you from Through the air. Isn't that right? Or from me We are the ones who connect you to the cable. I could transfer through. That means A medium is needed. Specific medium Need. So how many things do we get? Recipient, sender information and medium. Another one The thing we need is a set off. Rules. Some rules are needed. Okay? We need some rules and regulations. This rule The rules are called our protocol. What It is said that you would say? Protocol. So what did we get? Our data How many elements are needed for communication? Need? Five o'clock. Recipient, sender medium, Information and protocols. So your test. Then you will first get a definition. This The definition will come from the communication system. What do you mean? So the definition is completely subjective. We hope that he lives among us. That What do you understand by communication system? If the question What should I say? From sender to recipient Data exchange through a specific medium The process of giving is called Communication system. I hope this If you check the definition yourself, I can write from my heart. Today I will read it as if every difference The difference between synchronous and asynchronous or any You can write the difference from your heart. No Don't have to memorize anything. Then The definition is very clear to us, right? If it comes, we can answer number one. Then the five components of the communication system The five elements are that this is an MCQ. How many five elements of communication are there now? You know these five better than me now. What are the five receivers, senders, and media? What information is a rule or a regulation? Protocol means you have a recipient. It will take I need a sender. Then what is needed is a medium. There are two types of media that we use. I will read, I need a medium, then what do you need? I said I need the information that you sent. The message is number five, whatever you need. This is your protocol. Protocol means if it comes to number A What is data communication? What is your definition? Write down and get a number if b. The data that comes in number b comes in number Explain communication, then what to do? First, let's define data. Communication is communication, isn't it? Write down the ingredients, this picture is yours. No one can earn two marks, so Did we read what a data communication system is? I also read this definition. If it comes to number B We can answer any explanation you give. I can. Okay? Now there is one in this place. We will read the machine. I will read the instrument. Look. Is our data actually in binary? Isn't that right? Binary or digital It is in the method. Binary code It is in digital format. But we call it that. I am sending it through a medium. Look. In the form of voltage or in the form of waves. So one Don't you need a converter? The digital one This will convert analog. These are called Analog. Okay? So what is a converter? Do we need it on our sending device? We will need the receiving device as well. The sending device will need a converter which What would the converter do to this digital? It will convert to analog again on the receiving device. We need a converter that What will the converter do to the analog again? We love this one that will convert to digital. Is this a modem? What is the name of this device? What is the name of this device, the modem, that we I'll read more later, just an idea. I'm giving it away or is there another name for it? Transducer Trance Deuser So now we have another definition from here. We will get what we have in our hearts. If the exam comes, what is the modem? Can you write transducer in one line? Can the device that is sending the digital signal on the sending side Converts the signal to an analog signal and At the receiver side, the analog signal is converted to digital. We convert it into a signal and tell it to Transducer modem. Okay? The definition Absolutely clear. Converted to this place What is being transformed into? Back to digital Transforming. That means from digital From analog and analog on the receiver side Digital. The person who does this is called Transducer. The definition is absolutely clear. Now we were reading about the rules and regulations or Protocol. The definition of this protocol It comes to us. That is, to exchange data For this we have to follow some rules. This The set of rules and regulations is called Protocol. To think about it this way You can think of data as a lot like parcels. Can you send it from a place that you can do it? I will send the parcel to another place. So To send the parcel, you must have some set-off. He has to maintain the rules. The parcel that Is there any medicine inside? If there is medicine, I I will send it one way. You think that send Agency. You think that street Parts agency. You think the parcel Send it. You are the agency of the Sundarbans. Then Someone sent you something. Another person is sending another. Another one another Sending. You take everything with you. Send to destination. This is yours. Company work. What kind of data is coming in now? Won't you take action accordingly? You What is all the data or all the different things together? Will you send medicine with mangoes? Her I mean, there are some rules and regulations that that agency has to follow. If you are exchanging parcels, you must comply with the following: Give. That's how it is in this place. All data is actually exchanged in the same way. It can't be done. Each one is going to each one. Different types of data. Something from this place of ours Rules and regulations have to be maintained. The rule that They are determined by following the rules. Arrives at destination. So what is the protocol? The rules refer to the collective. One Rule book. Okay? A rule of law Aggregate. What does protocol mean? If you had to write a definition in one word, what would you write? Clear is now living in the ears. That A protocol refers to the way data is exchanged. Some rules and regulations when giving Specific rules and regulations for you to follow. Yes. The set of these rules and regulations is called It is called protocol. Okay? It is written here. A protocol is a set of rules or Data communication between contract devices or Used to confirm. That means data You write according to your own mind. You actually The board is not interested in seeing this. Data Communication time We have to follow certain sets of rules. Something Rules and regulations must be followed. This rule The set of rules is called Protocol. There are many types of protocols, any of which You don't have to remember the full form of just two. Remember that HTTP and HTTPS There is a question here that HTTPS What does this mean? What does this mean? Secure OK comes as an MSCU and That means none of the rest is needed here. The rest of the protocol is in full for you. No need for much, just remember this. HTTPS is a security feature that makes it secure. It's basically hypertext transfer. The protocol is not the HTML we are reading. The rules for transferring that file That's called hypertext transfer. Protocol. Since I am reading the chapter because This is a little more important. The full form Remember HTTP and HTTPS. This means secure. Remember this thing. I will keep it. So it's up to us from here. Now we will read two things. One is a beat. And speed. I will read these two things. What is a bit? The unit of data is bit. or measurement of data The unit is the bit. So we are two different times. I will do the calculation. I'll keep that in mind. One That's when we'll think about storage. Okay? One is when we talk about storage. I will think about it. That is, your memory or How big are the memories with these things? When I think, I have a certain kind of thought. It will be ours. And when you think about speed Then there will be a different calculation. I'll be careful between the two. Our unit of storage is the bit. What is the unit? Would you say? The unit is the bit. Like in this place of yours in Chapter Three You are reading Flipflop. In those flip-flops To make a zero or one store of yours Can. Is this a zero or a one? It is said to be basically your bit. In Chapter Three You know these things. Now there's more to it. Larger units are needed. Like us A unit of length is a meter. Why with a butt meter? Can I calculate everything? Our big Kilometers are needed to measure distance. Either you need a megameter or you need a gigameter. Yes, centimeters are needed. That means it. So the files that are larger than a single bit We have to measure those too. Its We use some units for this. For example You are getting kilobits. Okay? One kilo Bit. Who does Kilo mean? And the small B means bit. Always remember that bits are expressed as small With B. With a small B. So 1 kilobit. This How many bits is equal? One kilobit? We Normally, one kilometer is equal to 1000. Meter. But when the storage account book Then the number is actually a multiple of 1024. You have to think. Because of the computer Memory is always something to the power of. It can be made as. Any other than this It is efficient if created in the format No. Our memory calculations are always The multiple will be 1024. 1000 no. Normally If we convert kilometers to meters, we multiply by 1000. Multiply. Converting the bit kilobit to our bit If so, you have to multiply by 1024. S one A kilobit is equal to 1024 bits. What do we write to Bit? Write short rules or You can write it all down, BET. No. 1024 bits equals one kilobit. Below If I say that a kilobit is equal to how much Bit? You say this. Bit. Okay? Clear. Very simple. Then there are more units such as megabits. Okay. Megabit. What does mega mean? Normally we know Mega means 10 to the power six. But this That won't happen in space. One mega means 1024. 1024 Kilobit. One megabit is equal to 1024. Kilobit. One kilobit is equal to 1024 bits. So one megabit is equal to how many bits? Can you tell me? 1024 kilobits again one A kilobit is equal to 1024 bits. Tarane 1024 E 1024 is so many bits. Then you can easily get megabits. Who can convert to bits? If I I'll tell you that it's gigabit. What is the meaning of gigabit? Bit? Giga means 1024 megabytes. Okay? Just one is 1024 times one. Big. A megabit is 1024 times bigger than a kilobit. Of A gigabit is 1024 times larger than a terabyte. That means One gigabit is equal to 1024 megabits. If this If you want to take kilobits, then megabits. Equals 1024 kilobits again. That means 1024. 1024 So many kilobits. If you want to take it back to the beat You have to multiply by 1024 again. Okay? So you will ultimately get the answer in the bit. I hope you can do your conversions. Easily. It's like one kilometer. How many meters? How many meters would you say? 1000 meters. A lot of things like that are common in this place. Being 1024 For our storage calculations Another unit used is What unit is a byte? It is a byte unit. OK Byte Single One byte is equal to one bit, this is new It is treated as a single unit, okay? What does it mean to express a byte? I will remember what is being done, but these things What is being done with the grandmother, expressing the need? This is what your grandmother has revealed to you. What do bytes represent? Big B Expresses with. Okay? So one byte How many bits were equal? It was a bit. So I If we say that one kilobyte is equal to how much Byte? Just before, kilo meant 1024. Her That means one kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes. Do you understand? One kilobyte equals 1024 bytes. Look, it was a byte, so it was a byte. Here were kilobits. So bit. 102 bits. Here is kilobyte. For this reason If you want to convert bytes into bits, what should you do? You have to multiply by eight more, so 1024 is equal to 1024. The total will be bits, which means one kilobyte. Do you understand that so many bits equal one megabyte? How many megabits is the same as one? It's a megabit, look at the megabyte. If you take it in megabits, just multiply it by eight. It just gets multiplied by eight. Because one byte is equal to one bit, it is called If you want to get kilobits again, first get megabits. You took the megabyte, now you take the megabit. What else would you say to take a kilobyte? You have to multiply by 1024 because you know that One megabit is equal to 1024 kilobits. If you take it, you have to multiply it by 1024 again, okay? I will give you a homework assignment that You answer in the comments, I will tell you. I said that five gigabytes is equal to how much? Kilobit. I will remember this. If it is kilobits Instead of writing like this, I'll write about a small wedding. But it means the same thing. How many kilobits is s? You can answer this in the comment box. Tell me. Please comment me soon. Ball in the box. Okay? It's too early. Tell me the answer in the comment box. That means when We will think about storage. I'll talk about storage later. We need to use multiples of 1024. In kilos If we want to convert 1024 megabytes into kilobytes, I want to get Giga, I have to multiply it by 1024. If you want to convert to megabytes, multiply by 1024. It means that you are the youngest. The bit unit in space is getting bigger than it is. Your kilobit unit is a megabit, bigger than that. The unit is bigger than that. How big is the gigabit unit? This is multiplied by 1024. This is multiplied by this. 1024 times bigger than this 1024 times bigger than this All multiples of 1024 are very similar to yours. Meter kilometer like that but in that place Multiples of 1000 are multiples of 1024 in this place. 1024 times bigger than OK, come on now. We will calculate in terms of speed. In terms of speed In terms of speed In terms of speed I will calculate but international The standard is in terms of speed. When you calculate, your The multiple will be 1000. This is a bit Confusing, so you have to remember the speed. In the case the multiplier is 1000 when you If you are calculating speed then Tell me how many bits are equal to one kilobit? You say 1000 bits. Do you understand? Usually don't ask questions. Speed This will not happen in this case. We are Math. In the case of speed, we will see that when To calculate, we multiply by 1000. I will. If a simple question comes up. Homely Question. What does naive question mean? How many kilobits is one megabit equal to? White Sida The question means it is a question of storage directly. I will answer 1024 white questions here. No speed, no time, these things don't come. The white paper asks how much is one kilobit equal to? Bit 1024 bit white space question storage Butt is asking you about speed. If we do the calculation, we will see that we have 1000 I'll multiply by this, remember what speed actually is. If we say that feet per second If a car travels 10 meters in a second, then If you could tell me what his speed is, then his speed How much? How do you calculate speed? A car travels 10 meters in five seconds. So what would you say is its speed? You are his. Calculate the speed, that is its speed. Equals how many meters it goes divided by Time. 10 meters is going to divide or foot seconds. That means 2 meters per second. It's his. Speed. 2 meters per second. Our speed means the speed of data exchange. This is exactly how we calculate speed. That How many bits of data do we have per second? Going? In bps units. If I say that the feet My data is going at 10 bits per second. So What is my speed? What is the speed? The speed is over. It will go 10 divs or feet, that is, 2 bits per Second. So not like this in bits per second. It is affectionately called "Beat Par" in writing. Second. Abbreviation for bits per second It's happening BPS. Okay? Very similar Things. That means when we exchange data How do we get the speed when we pay? We used to say calculate when exchanging data. How do I calculate the speed I'm providing? That's how much data divided by how much time. How do we calculate this? Let's calculate the speed like this: We calculate what we calculate. You said you would calculate the speed, so now what? Let's do the math from here, actually. We can easily do these things. I can identify it. Let's do some math. I told you that feet are gigabytes. Five gigabytes of data are being downloaded. Downloading in 200 seconds 200 gigabytes of data are downloaded in seconds. In 200 seconds I told you that How fast are you? How fast are you? Calculating speed will become a foot. Gigabytes divided by 200 seconds So Can you get a copy of this? I would have taken a look. Can you get a copy of this? Five K 200 If you divide by , it becomes a much smaller amount. Goes. Don't break the big one on top. There is one. Take it, no problem. Then Multiply the square by 1000. Look at this. We have converted gigabytes to megabytes. Multiplying the number by 1000. Multiplying by 1000 With. Look at the conversion of gigabytes to megabytes. I'm multiplying by 1000. Normal white If the direct question were that feet are equal to gigabytes, How many megabytes would be 1024? When it comes to megabit speed, you actually Multiply by 1000 if the white line is straight Math Either or white straight if the question is MSKW if It says that how many megabytes are equal to one gigabyte? In all those cases, just multiply by 1024. And whenever these things come, time or speed When these things come, such as speed or time, you Multiply by 1000 Okay, that means gigabytes, not megabytes. What do you multiply by 1000 and get 200 here? Divide it by 10 If you divide 1000 by 200, you get five times. You will get to this place on 25. Megabits per second are going through 25 megabits per second, sorry megabytes per second Seconds because feet were gigabytes. I took it to megabytes, so it's over 25 megabytes. Seconds are okay, can you calculate? Okay, if I give you another math, I will. I told you that your home internet Speed ​​is 10 Mbps. Megabits per second, megabits to consider Or byte, I'll pay close attention to it. So if you give me 100 [Praise] I want to download this data of 100 megabytes. How long will this question take you? I made sure that if you want to download it, How much time will it take? How much time will it take? I asked you if you needed it. We know what we know, tell us how the speed is. Let's calculate the speed. How much data divided by time do we have? Should we find space to find time? If I want, how do I find out the time from the data? We have to divide by speed, so we If we get the time, what will the data be for us? Could you tell me how much data is there, in megabytes? What is the megabyte speed? Megabit per second When the above data is processed with speed, I'll make time for it. I'll try both. To take the same unit. That's why you are the time. It's available in seconds. That's why you are the time. It's available in seconds. Because what is speed? In bits per second. And what about this place? Yours? This place is a storage facility. That means if you speed up this data Divide by , you get the time in seconds. We will get it. Both will be taken into the same unit. In one There is no. The top one is megabytes, the bottom one is Megabit. So take the above in megabits. Go. That means how many megabits it takes. To convert bytes to bits, you have to multiply by eight. Below is the megabit per second split. If there is a 10 in this place, it means you It will take 80 seconds. 80 seconds. You will need to understand how to download this data. If you understand, you can do one of these. I am giving homework, homework number two. Of course, I will solve it and let you know in the comments. I'll answer in the comments if you tell me. The 500 GB of data I'm downloading Hundred KBPA Speed I'll figure out how much time it will take me. I uploaded 100 megabytes of data to this place. My speed in 10 seconds. How many kbps is the speed? How many kilobytes per second is a kilobyte per second? Second, you answer these two things. Do it. So, look at the rest of the answers in the comments. Niva. All those who are new here, please comment. Answer me. One person's answer is another. I will meet you. Okay? We hope for speed. We are clear on the matter. Speed ​​maths I hope we can do it. Okay? No No problem. Okay. During class we Almost 20 minutes. We are a little ahead. Moving towards. Now we will read the bandwidth. This What is the band thing? See data exchange. The speed of doing it. Okay? To exchange data The speed that loves that speed is another It's called Band with OK. Band How to write "with" in Bengali? There's speed, what does speed tell you? Speed ​​is called affectionately. What is the affectionate term for bandwidth speed? Do you appreciate your bandwidth speed? Say your bandwidth, that is, the rate at which We call it data exchange. Band is the rate at which data is exchanged. That's what we call data exchange. Speed ​​means the speed of data exchange. The fact that the band is the same means that every from one computer to another in seconds From one device to another on a computer The speed at which data is exchanged What do we call that speed of delivery? Data exchange in the bandwidth of the satellite The rate or speed at which payment is made What do we call speed, band Tarane? Bandwidth and speed are the same thing, but understand that There is one thing we are the mediums of in this place. How many types were we reading? Two types that we I will read the details. One is its medium, one is A medium without it. We were reading the media. Two types. One is its medium, one is It is a medium without it. His medium, Another is the media without it. We were reading two types of media. One hundred two We can speed up the process in two ways. Need to define. Where he is not. That Is there such a thing as a bit byte in space? Without digital media, you are a bit byte. I can't transfer them. If it's his Otherwise, can you transfer binary? Can I do it in life? Not possible. That means wire. In this case we are actually talking about the BPS unit or Bits per second or kilobits per second With these units we actually measure speed. I can do it. Butt wirelessly there Our communication takes place in the form of waves. What In size? In the form of waves. In that place we Speeds have to be calculated. With frequency. With what? With the frequency of which the frequency The more he gives, the more data he can provide. You can. The higher the frequency, the better. Basically, the frequency rate of which is yours. The more space. That is, think of your I told the company that you will be paid 500 hajj. 100 Hajj is within this range. Data exchange over any frequency Can I provide it? I told another person that You are 5000 Hz to 10000 Hz. With any frequency within the space You can exchange data. Then Tell me which company has more frequency? Can you make it? Definitely number two. The company is trying to create more frequency You can. Number one company is less You can create frequencies. Few You can create frequencies. Okay? Look at all the numbers between 100 and 500. It is possible to create frequencies from 5000 More than 100 frequencies It is possible to create. Your frequency The number is higher here. 5001, 502, 53 It is possible to create many frequencies. That means the number of frequencies is as The more he can date, the more he can get. His speed is so much higher. To say this thing Either your bandwidth or Frequency band. How much is that yours? I'm giving you space. The bigger the road, The more cars pass through that road, the Can be provided. That means that the road The larger the frequency band or the The higher the frequency range, the Creating the higher frequency inside Possible. The more data is exchanged Possible. Okay? So through the tarbin we To calculate speed, you need to know the frequency. With. Okay? Through his association we BPS or Bits Per Second or Kilometer Per Second To measure you with seconds I can. Okay? Now that's bandwidth. What about us? Bandwidth means Data exchange speed. So if The definition comes down to what is bandwidth? What can I say? From one medium to another Send via Send from one recipient to another From one sender to another recipient To exchange data through a specific medium This rate is called bandwidth. So the definition is clear, that means Your speed is called bandwidth now. One thing that would be said is that the car is moving at a low speed. What do we call that? You could say it's an auto, right? What do we mean by very low speed? Let me tell you this. Auto is called autoba or autorickshaw or rickshaw. Let's say type of vehicle. A little bit of medium speed. What do we say if we have a little magic speed? Would you say? If there is a speed limit, tell us who we should tell. I can. And if we have the highest speed, What can I say? Airplane. Okay. That means based on speed. We give vehicles a name. So All speeds are the same in our communication. No. Some have faster speeds, some have slower speeds. So We actually have to name some based on speed. I can. The one with the slowest speed is called It is a narrow band. What is said? Narrow Band. Narrow Band. What is this called? Narrow band calling Yes. What does the word narrow mean? Narrow. Narrow What does band mean? Less space. His. Less The space means he is getting a lower frequency. Less data can be exchanged. Whichever is less Can exchange four speeds less than him Let's say we are a narrow band. Which is medium It is called a voice band. The voice band that is wider is called broad. Band. Broadband. What does broad mean? Broad means big. That means big band. Meaning What? Big place. There is a large frequency space. He will be able to generate higher frequencies. You can do much more. His speed is high. Will be. So here you have all three. So Narrow band, wedge band and Broadband. Which of these three will you choose? The thing to remember is their speed. This Very important MCQ. That narrow The band's transmission speed is 45 From 300 bits per second. Very few. Very Less. So you have to remember this speed. Of course you have to remember. Voice band You also have to remember that the speed is 1200. bps to 9600 bps and The broadband speed also reminds you It will be more than one Mbps. So If the question arises, what is a voice band? What is Nano Band? Broadband What is it called? You define it with your own eyes closed. I can write. What is that broadband called? That Transmission speed is more than one Mbps. It is called broadband. Very simple. And What does voice band mean? Which Transmission speed 1200 bps to 9600 BPS tells him we are a voice band. Just This data is what you remember. I'm saying you define it with this data. Day. Transmission speed from 45 to 300 What did BPS tell him we were talking about? Narrow band. What does that mean from here? Will you remember? I will remember this speed. And It's like you're remembering the definition of this place. I will keep it. Okay? Clear? One more thing to remember. Where is it used? This narrow band is actually of very little use. Because the speed is low, you are actually much bigger. I can't exchange the rate. This It was used in many early forms of telegraphy. Narrow band is used in telegraphy. Again, by voice call or from the printer. The voice band is yours in these places in the reader. It is used. And in all other places we Broadband is used fairly often. So I hope you get the speed stuff. Absolutely clear. Okay? If If it's clear, please comment. Let me know that the first portion is clear. Now we The thing to read is data. Transmission mode, method and mode are also two. There are things. One is your direction. Based on. One is how many recipients. Based on that. This mode and method are We will read two things. I will read the data at the beginning. Transmission mode. Okay? So mode actually means What does it mean? We don't really understand what mode means, do we? That's dark mode, then day mode. Don't understand something? So mode actually means That's yours. What is happening now or to how many people? Are you sending or how is the exchange going? Right. Is there? So how do you do this? Your data is answering the questions. Transmission mode. So data transmission We basically have two modes, I read. One is the transmission mode, the other is It is the distribution mode. One is data. Another transmission mode is being Distribution mode. I will read the difference between the two. Very easy. So the data transmission mode is actually What? Where is my data being shared? This is based on the fact that we exchange data. We can divide the payment into several parts. Now Until we exchange data, what is this? I'm learning the thing. Now this is different. I will divide it into categories. That's like this What do we call the transmission? This kind of exchange What do we call giving? This kind of exchange What do we call giving? Divided into several parts I will. So based on our direction The part we divide into is called Data transmission mode. That is, DotA What does transmission mode mean? That We exchange data based on direction. The parts into which a payment can be divided are called What would you tell us? Data transmission Mode. That is, one or more from the source Data in case of data transfer to the destination The direction of flow is called data transmission. Mode. Meaning how many directions data is exchanged? That's called your data. Transmission mode. So this data transmission The mode is used to exchange data in several directions. This can basically be divided into three parts. We. One is simplex. Simplex What does it mean? That will flow in one direction. Look, what was meant by transmission mode? The transmission mode was how far the data was being sent. Exchange is taking place. So simple to say It means one-way data exchange. Will be. That is, from a source to a destination. Data will only be exchanged in one direction. Then We will call it simplex. Okay? This We call the exchange simplex. That this In which direction would you say it is flowing in space? The data is just flowing in one direction. Data When you say transmission mode, you actually mean which way? Data exchange is taking place. On the one hand, which Data is being exchanged. We call the transmission being Simplex mode or simplex data Communication. Okay? Which on the one hand Data is being collected. What are some examples of this? Maybe? Radio. Radio broadcast that There is a channel from there, you can listen to it. You receive it when it leaves your room. Are you doing television in which you are Your TV channel is broadcasting. The thing you watch sitting in your room. That means radio, television, these things. This is another example of simplex communication. What else could it be? You can see the keyboard in the space. Then the monitors are also yours. What happens on a simplex monitor is just an example. The monitor receives data from your CPU. But the data does not go to the CPU. Keyboard Data from comes to the CPU. From the CPU but Doesn't work on the keyboard. That means keyboard only. Monitor for input, output only It is used. That means in these places you There is no dual-way communication. Just It flows one way. The exchange here is just giving. Happening. There is no exchange. Then call it Either simplex mode or simplex data Communication. Where is it? On the radio, On television, from keyboard to computer In all of them. Now there are some difficulties in this place. Yes. What's the problem? In this place that you are Connect the ARB with a wire. For communication. This wire, but It's mostly up to the sky. Isn't that right? Just use for one mouth flow. Happening. So is this more efficient? Would you say? No. It's not very efficient. This Not very efficient. And in this place Your wire is in a very rough shape. Time. Then comes half duplex. Her That means it will be exchanged in both directions. But not at the same time, both ways at the same time. Will not exchange. Although or on both sides The exchange will take place at the same time. Think. When it's going, it won't come. When will it come? Can't go. What does that mean, a lot? Rail Like a line. That your two sides are on one line It is not possible to get there by train. When will you go? Will not come. When it comes, it won't go away. This half What are duplex examples? Walkie-talkie. What is done on Walkie Talkie? An example I will remember. What is an example of half duplex? Walkie-talkie. What is done in Okit Tuki? When One of you sends data and the other receives it. Then when he sends, he receives. Can do. That means when someone sends One person cannot send another person, the other way around. From. So just remember the example. Walkie talkie. I can reduce the difficulty a little here. That our cable was lying around as a case. Then it was less efficient. This is us. I can increase it a little. The butt is so full. But I can't increase it. Isn't that right? Then Your duplex is coming. Duplex Do you understand? Communication in both ways You can do it. Both ways, both ways. You can do it. That's our normal phone call, Did all the phone messages and video calls say you were the one? Example of duplex. On both sides at the same time You can communicate. Same on both sides You can communicate with. Okay? What will actually come from here? Data communication What will come from the mod? From transmission mode. How many types of transmission modes are there? Three types. Simplex, half duplex, duplex. What is in simplex? On one side. In the duplex On both sides. But not two in duplex at the same time In half duplex, both sides are butted at the same time. No, these three things on both sides of the duplex I will remember and remember three examples. An example of half duplex is a walkie-talkie. A very important MCQ exam Let's see if Simplex comes and goes. What is the example? You are also very important. I'll take the exam and see if the example works. Whatever you get from here in Taran Only examples are more. Important: A will not come from here if B The number comes first, the big thing will come first. Simplex Half Duplex and Duplex Write the difference between these. What is the difference? You have easily understood that full duplex Bidirectional half duplex bidirectional butt is the same No time and simplex one-way then more Is full duplex more efficient? Its efficiency is lower than full duplex. What is the least example of a telephone? Is this a walkie-talkie or a radio or a television? Then pair both devices at the same time. Can it be done at the same time? Can't it be done at the same time? One device sends, another receives Can you send another one and receive another one? Can. Hopefully simplex, half duplex And I hope the full duplex is completely clear. That means we are reading the data transmission mode. That is, in which direction data is exchanged. It can be divided into three parts. Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex. I hope it's clear. Okay. Now What we will look at is the distribution. Mode. Look what I was watching earlier, Dot. Transmission mode. Now happening Distribution. How many people am I close to? I am distributing. To how many people do I I give it. Based on that, we are in the Let's divide it into boy and daughter distribution. Mode. And based on the direction, which is divided What I'm sharing is called translation mode. But the book also uses English terms. So You have to remember English terms. What does transmission mode mean in which direction? Exchange is taking place. And its distribution Mode refers to how many people you are sending to. Okay? Based on distribution mode I can divide it into three parts. One is happening. Unicast. One is multicast, one is Broadcasting is happening. Okay? Very simple thing. What does unicast mean? Remember There are many people on the Internet. Isn't that right? Many There are people. There are many people on the Internet. I just want to be one of them. I am sending data to you. To how many people? I am sending data to anyone. So it is called unicast. That is, When point to point or one to one When transmission occurs, it is called Unicast. Look, this is data. There was a distribution mode. That is, how many people Share based on what I am sending to you. I was going to do it. Now that means I'm close to someone. When sent, it is called unicast. One's If I send it to you, point to point. Also called point or one-to-one transmission. What is an example of this? Wow FTV Server From or the servers on your WiFi Gives you the FTV server from there. When you download the movie just The movie comes from the server to your phone. Or it comes to PC. Direct one to one Communication is taking place. If you say it again Multicast. What does multicast mean? I have a lot of people on the internet. I won't send my data to everyone now. I won't send it to everyone on the internet, but... I will send something specific to a few people. I will send a large group to a few people. Like a chat that's not actually open to the public. But we are going to multiple people. Several people were reading the distribution mode. When people are going to the butt, everyone is going to the butt. We can't say that thing is going. Multicast Examples of Multicast What is video conference or video chat or What do group chats say about these things? This Things are your multicast. Example. I hope it's completely clear. And What does broadcast mean? When I am mine A piece of data spreads to everyone on the internet. I will. This thing is called that. Broadcast. What would you say as an example? Such as radio Television. But there is no obstacle between these There are no rules to catch. You have an antenna. You can only receive with an antenna. Can. This data can be used however you want. But he can receive. That means this. What do you actually do with the data? Spreading It is given in the air. Spectrum In size. So any of your towers or any You can receive it from the receiver. For example This video that is playing on YouTube is But Kind of a broadcast. Anyone You can watch the video if you want. Okay? When Your data reaches everyone, but that's it. If someone wants to see the thing, then it It's called broadcast. When there is no limitation It is not given. Okay? I hope Understand this. Okay? Now we will read the data. Transmission method. Method is understood as Method. Look, the previous ones were just methods. No. The previous ones were mods. That our data exchange is happening correctly. What's going on? What happened? How many people are you going to? The modes that were being exchanged were in many directions. And the method means how is it going? How do I get the data from you to me? Going. And from here on out, there are many more A, B, C, 1 question arises. This is very important. The data transmission method is very Important. Only MSCW from the previous ones But serial parallel comes from here Synchronous, asynchronous, isochronous. These are There are many questions from Okay, so... Number B Number Difference or Number C The difference between the numbers c is to write these. Look at the face, see what it says. You'll see that the book doesn't even need to be memorized. You don't need to study, just do the class and then That's enough to solve the MCQ on the test paper. I'll tell him a few things, right in my heart. Don't sing, you won't need anything else, I'll remember. Tell me one thing, if you have one thing. Near The number of wires increases if the number of wires Be careful if the number of wires increases. So you said data will be available soon. Or is it better to be slow than to be fast because when When the roads are widened, the cars will It will go quickly, that means you will Speed The speed will increase as the number of wires increases. The speed will increase when the number of wires is clear. The speed will increase as the number of wires increases. Data transfer time will increase and decrease. You wouldn't say you can go from one place to another. That time won't decrease. Speed If it increases, the time will decrease accordingly. Isn't that right? If you increase the speed of the car, less time will pass. We can go. Very important thing. If the number of wires increases, the speed increases. I understand. But if the number of wires increases, the cost increases. What will happen, brother? I will always remember this chapter. In the case of things that are good, the price is a little higher. More. I will definitely remember this. In class. And if the number of wires increases or any If something is introduced, the cost increases. What would happen if the number of wires in the tower increased? Your expenses will increase. What will happen to you? The cost will increase, the number of wires will increase. What will happen to you if the number of wires increases? If it increases, your expenses will increase, very much. Three important things are the number of wires The speed will increase if the number of wires increases. Time will decrease, but the number of wires will increase, but the cost will increase. The cost will also increase, but in this place A main factor is that now we I'll read the thing. Data exchange method. How can data be exchanged? Data exchange mainly occurs in two ways. One side is parallel, the other is Serial, think of a person in this place. There is another one sending data to people. If the data goes like this, think about it. You are like a child, standing in line. You're not standing in line, you're just standing in line. Another one goes after another one goes after this one It is called serial data transmission serial. How many wires are there in this place? There is one wire. How many wires does it have? There is one and this. If you think of all the places, there are eight bits here. How many bits are there? One, two, three, four, five. Why seven eights because eight beats I'm talking because I'm in a register. A single unit of memory is made up of bits. Either register. Eight in the memory register The bits are stored together in a single file. If eight bits are together eight parallel lines It goes from one to another, so this We call the transmission parallel. Transmission or parallel transmission. Okay? Parallel Red Transmission or Parallel Do you understand what red transmission means? With eight separate lines in place Every bit of time seems to pass by. Do you have a doorman? A janitor You have a janitor. You have a doorman standing in this place. When the doorman blows stale air into this place Just one bit goes to that place, another one goes to that place. If you blow stale air, another bit goes, another stale air goes. If you blow, another bit goes to this place. As soon as the doorman blew a whistle, How many bits will it take? I would say eight bits will go at once. That means the first feature is parallel. How many bits go together? Eight bits together Transfer is done. How many together in this place? Does the bit go? It goes together a bit. A bit Goes to serial transmission. To go further. Can. We'll see about that later. Butt is a stale one. We are talking about clock pulses when we are tired of being tired. There are eight bits in a clock pulse. And that one There is a bit in between. That's what clock pulses are like. A gatekeeper who just gives permission Go. This is called a clock pulse. Chapter You are studying in the third grade. That's a doorman. Just blowing on the stale air. Blowing on the stale air. It's eight o'clock here. There goes one. So Tell me, whose speed will be higher? Of course Since there are eight lines in parallel, there are more lines. Won't the speed be too high? Yes or no? Of course Yes. The speed here is higher than Taran. The speed is high. What would happen if the speed was too high? Time is short. Transfer will take less time. Isn't that right? Time is short. I would say the speed will be higher in serial. Or will it be less? Here is the speed, here is the speed. But it will be less. Will there be more time here? Or will it be less? Since the speed is low, it is a road. It will take more time. A lot Multiple Express also has many lanes. There is another one, a lane. It's too late. It will take. Okay? If there are many lanes The cars will be able to go faster. Here too The speed will increase. The matter is completely Similar. So tell me what the cost is. More? Parallel costs more. This is happening. Your trade-off. It costs more. Speed Good butts cost more. The speed is good but the cost is high. In this case The cost is reduced again. Because he has one. Cost is low. So what I was saying is that the thing that is good is the price. A little more than that. The words match. Things The price is a little higher than what is good. So me Now tell me if you are in a remote place and want to know the data. Want to transfer. Think from Dhaka. Chittagong. So what are you talking about speed? To think or to think about the cost? Dhaka to Chittagong is a huge distance. So if you are this parallel, such a great distance But the cost of transmission is much higher. Will go. That means you're coming in a short distance. Think about parallel transmission. Reason As the distance increases, your money will increase. Taran is used for short distances. Parallel transmission. Like yours. From computer to computer like this In the scenario, just two computers nearby You use parallel in transmission. Transmission. Okay? Remote again What is your transfer far away in distance? It would be called serial rot transmission. Even if we leave aside the difference between these two, Can you write with your eyes closed? Brother, will you see? My brother was saying that there are eight of them here at once. If you go here one by one, then go to this place. A clock ticks, eight beats go by, one here. The clock is ticking, it's eight o'clock here. There are separate lines, so it takes less time here. It goes faster, it takes longer here. This time the speed is lower since there are eight lines here. Yes, it costs more since there is a line here. That means its cost is less and its cost is more. It is more efficient to use less distance and less cost. Children can use the definition remotely. You can write, you can write the differences, I hope. Let me make the differences clear to all of you. So, not everyone has a dota in their hands. Transmission method is the method by which data is transmitted. The data that is exchanged is called The transmission method definition is very clear. Clear parallel data transmission for everyone What is parallel data transmission when When data is exchanged in parallel, it is called This is called parallel data transmission. When should you use something in space? You seem to have advantages and disadvantages. You can do it like that, we're already reading it. Do you understand that it takes N number of channels? The serial takes as many lines as it takes. One after another, one after another. The things we are reading that are long distance Serial transmission is generally used The text from the previous slides is on this slide. That the difference between you is the past The text on the slides was this: The slide here is basically serial and The difference between parallels is given to you. You're closing your eyes to the difference now. I can solve it. Where eight bits together Goes. Sorry, eight bits go together in parallel. One bit goes together in a series. Okay? How many bits go together? A bit together Goes. One beat after another. Less than that Cost is low. It costs more. More than that. More speed, more. The more, the less speed. Less. Every hour, one mallet goes, every hour, It's eight o'clock. Long distances are used. Short Distance is used. Computer to computer This is your long distance case. Computer to printer or computer From the computer at a short distance. That means You say computer to computer. No, it's serial. This is happening over long distances. Your serial. Short distance is being Yours is parallel. Ball definitions If it's completely clear, just one. Comment. Jose. Because it's so beautiful. I am teaching you. And I hope in life The difference between serial and parallel is expected. I will never say it in my life. See you in the exam hall. I can only write with my eyes closed. Okay? Jose, definitely leave a comment. Okay? Okay. Now divide the serial into three parts again. I can do it. These are serials. Child. Okay? Serial A few categories. Three more serials Can be divided into parts. One is happening. Synchronous, asynchronous and isochronous. Important for exams Synchronous and asynchronous. These two Things. Important for exams Synchronous and asynchronous. These two Things. Okay? Two things very well. We will read. We do two things very well. I will read. Synchronous and asynchronous are two. We will study things very well. Yours Don't you see something on your phone with iCloud? Sync photos or photos with Google Photos. Sink. What does it mean to sink? You I am a soul, right? What does it mean to sink? To be in sync means that you and I are one soul. I mean, your gallery photos are in iCloud. It goes away. The photos in iCloud are a gallery. Two of the same things. A copy. What does it mean to sink? Two people becoming one. Meaning Becoming attached together. Okay? Her I mean, synchronous means when you Data exchange becomes more and more time-consuming. When it does, it is called synchronous. That is, the thing is like this. Pay attention. Pay attention to this. Do it. I can easily explain to you that this In this place, in this place, think that you are his You are sending data to him from close. Okay? Her You are sending data to him from close. Now Think of your data as a block. Going. Think of it as your data, data one. Think of it as data to Think of it as data Think of the three data as blocks like this: If these two are going to be in each other's data Note if the time gap is not the same. What am I saying? The time between two packets If the gap is not the same as the gap at this time Look, two different times, but not the same. If it exists, it is called asynchronous. How is the transfer going? Overall But the transfer is happening serially. Line One after another. Transfer But it's happening in the series. Okay? But the transfer is not happening in parallel. You can see that the serial is going on one after the other. One. If it's time to go one after the other If this time remains the same. Over time Synchronous means in sync with time. Go. Becoming attached over time. Two o'clock If the time gap between is the same then We call that synchronous. That means this. What do we call the thing? I will tell you this thing. We are synchronous. We will call this and that asynchronous. Okay, one is synchronous, the other is Asynchronous is your synchronous. Another method is the asynchronous method. Your gap in this place is not the same. Actually, the gap is not the same, it's just a gap now. I will give an example, if I give an example, it means that Looking at the examples, you are synchronous and The difference between asynchronous and asynchronous is easy. Can you write, can you forget in life? I mean, I can write exactly as I want in life. Don't forget to think of Cinchonas a lot. Think of freelancing as one of your There is a boss. Okay, you have a boss and a You have employees, you think you are employees. Okay, you think you're an employee. Work, you are working, give the boss a job. Send it, boss, does the boss send you money? Sends you money, boss sends you money. Okay, what does your boss send you? Boss, give me money. Sends. You work, the boss gives you money. Sends. You work, the boss gives you money. Sends. Work hard, the boss sends you money. Imagine another scenario where you are the same. How are you working? There is a boss. You are working the same way. To work in the same way. A guy in the butt Yes. What's up? Is Hör okay? That is salary. Gives. So you work every day and send it. Let the boss take your work butt every day. You don't get the money, the boss is giving it to you. HR keeps HR's money with HR. I will keep the money in deposit for a month. Give it 30 days in a row Give it 30 days in a row Please pay attention to this matter here. What's going on? You're taking money every time you work. You work for money, you work for money. When it's hot and this is okay What are you doing in the place? Are you working for money? Are you working, are you saving money, are you not taking it? Accumulating The money is going every 30 days. So me Tell me which of the two is the time? Fixed is not in it. That means if I at a certain time at the same time If I want to send data, then my data Must hold. The data needs to be stored. That means if I go for a certain time If you want to give him money one after another, then the money To deposit with me for a certain period of time Will be. This should be deposited. And if I When we send it, what do we actually get? Nothing comes here in time. In this place What time would you say it is? I would say this place. Is it time? No, not the same time. Not at all. Is the time the same in this place? Yes. This The place is the same, but the time is the same. In this place But the time is the same or the time gap is the same. But the time gap is the same. Time gap But the same. So you're saying it's not synchronous? Yes This is an example of synchronous. This Example of synchronous. Not synchronous? Yes, it's asynchronous. Example. This is an example of asynchronous. Example of asynchronous. Okay? You will see that every difference You can write however you want. Pay attention. Just. Look, it's so much fun. The time in this place Not so. That means starting work whenever possible. You are taking the money. The time in this place Same. That means you get the money every 23 days. Giving. That means someone or someone else. On hold. Hold a specific It gives you time after time. A specific It gives you time after time. A specific Time after time. Tell me, okay? What does it take to be synchronous? Synchronous You will need a storage space. That The money will be held. Synchronous in Taran The thing you need to be a must You will need a storage device. A storage It will take. I need a storage. A storage It will take some time to store the money. So Asynchronous does not require any storage. When Then there is no need to keep any deposit while giving lessons. That means storage storage here No need. No need. Any space that requires storage or memory It won't cost much to buy it there. Yes. Where will the storage cost be in Taran? It will grow here. Costs will increase. And the cost is low in this place. The cost But relatively less. The cost is low. Another one He would tell me things. Directly at this location Communication is possible. Yes. In this place Is direct communication possible? Comprehensive Direct communication with the sender is not possible. That means direct communication in this place. It is possible. To contact directly It is possible. Could communicate directly. This Unable to communicate directly with the location. Couldn't communicate directly. Directly Couldn't communicate. Direct contact But I couldn't do it. This is another one. There is a name. This is called character buying. Character. I will explain this. Me. Wait a minute. Call it that. Character by character. Character By character. This is called character. By character. And this synchronous transmission is called block. Buy Block. Block by block. But I didn't write. I could have read you on the slide. But when I write, you'll actually understand how it is. You have to think and write in your head. Test yourself I can write it myself. Okay? Now Character by character and block by block Block. What is the thing? Asynchronously Us together Eight bits or a byte is eight bits. The packet is sent. A character Sent. Eight bits go together. Together It takes eight bits. And synchronous together 80 The beat goes. Sorry, it's 80 bytes. Together 80 Byte goes. Mind you, it was just a beat. Eight bits. And here are 80 bytes. A packet It seems like it. It looks like a sack. The answer to your question that comes to mind is I give. Wait a minute. In this place What happens? Basically, your data comes. Data It comes packed in a sack. Fill a sack. When it's filled to the brim, it's very big. When they accumulate 80 baht, they send it all at once. Again, they pile up in the sack, pile up together. Sends 80 baht. It's back in the sack. They send 80 baht at once, deposit by deposit. Her I mean, who is stuffed in a sack? And the storage. 80 bits at a time in storage Send it. Definitely a time gap. And a Eight bits together in one place, just one It goes in character form. So you are ICT If you read Chapter Five, you know that a A character occupies one byte of space. Or eight Bits take up space. That's why it's called that. Either character by character. For this reason It's called Character Buy. Character. That means since it is eight bits And since a character is eight bits. So that's why it's called character bye. Character. And it is called a sack or Sasta means block by block. I hope you understand. Now a question comes to your mind, brother, in the serial. No, a flute only plays one beat. So here are eight bits in a packet. How are you doing? Hey bro, when is this actually here? When you enter, you actually enter bit by bit. Will enter. But these eight of us together I'm talking about a group. These eight of us together I'm talking about a group. These eight of us together I'm talking about a group. An example of this You'll understand when you see it. Asynchronous The example is from the keyboard. Computer. That is, press a key on the keyboard. Karba immediately goes to the computer. The rest of the time But the cage is upstairs. The rest of the time is free. When will you press the keyboard next? But not Sior. Tarane Time Gap Not here. That's why it's... Asynchronous. That means you are here. Could you please write an example? Example Can you write on the keyboard? From the keyboard Computer From keyboard to computer keyboard What can I write here, computer? From one computer to another Data transmission from computer Computer to computer data Transmission Computer to computer data Transmission means a keyboard. When you press one key, when does the other key go? There is no security in this place because of this. But it's asynchronous data transmission. The method is a keyboard in this place. What a thing. Did you press anything? That's actually How much space does it take up? What does one mean eight? Bit. That's why it's called character. By character. Since a key is eight bits. That means one key press equals eight beats. Going together in groups. When is this? When you enter the computer, do it one by one. Will enter. One will enter every hour. That means it will be included in the series. Butt together eight more What always goes together? That's why it's called Character by character. And this Accumulate, accumulate Sends a sack. Tell me there is asynchronous. Isn't that wire hanging too high? Yes. One key left to press on a keyboard. There is a certainty that there will be a press conference at some point. It's not like there's much rain in the sky. I wonder if there's a meme like this that says "The sky is the sky" I keep looking at it like when another data There is no guarantee that it will come, it is just a coincidence. It's a lot of wire lying around. It's useless, it's very useless. The wire is properly in this place. Utilized. The medium here is Used properly. It is used properly. Look, I'm reading a lot of differences. You just These are the things you should avoid when taking an exam. I can write. There are more differences. Its Efficiency is low. Low efficiency. Its efficiency More. We will read this a little later. Then the eye Turn it off. Let's look at two more examples. Be careful to close your eyes. To write off Stay. This includes primary storage. I need it. Primary among these No storage needed. Since storage No need. It costs less. Since storage It is necessary, it costs more. Since in storage Sending deposits means a specific time. I will celebrate. That means the time gap here is the same. The time gap here is not the same. Then this Transfer in block by block form in space Yes. Character by this place The transfer is in the form of characters. Then In this place, the wire is less than a cage high. This The wire is too loose in the space. Then What do you think happens in this place? In this place you Direct communication is possible. Directly at this location Communication is possible. This is not possible. Not possible directly. Directly into it Possible. That means it's direct between us. Not possible. There is an HR in there, right? Not possible directly. Directly into it Possible. There are many differences, brother, they don't come together. On the head. I mean, I can't write on my own. Always. I hope everyone writes on their own. Can. You can see this place later. The difference you have is in the difference. But you can do everything very easily. I can write. That block by block Character by character. Transmission speed is high, speed is low. Expensive is less expensive. Block time The time interval between is equal to the time interval between If the server is not available, a storage device is required. No storage required then you Some examples are given here. The example given is asynchronous. Your email or your keyboard is the main one. The keyboard example is more helpful here. The keyboard is actually your asynchronous one. Example okay another you difference Can you write that synchronous efficiency is low? We will study the skill now. The less it is, the more efficient it is. It is more efficient. Okay? I will study the skill now. So tell me. The difference between asynchronous and synchronous Forget about life. Will it ever be wrong again? I hope so. It will never be wrong. Okay? Let's see this now. How is efficiency actually calculated? We do things asynchronously. In asynchronous mode, we have eight bits of data. Goes. We have a tail before and after the butt. You have to send it in a sealed envelope so that the data is not lost. So asynchronously, we have a we in front of us. Let's move to asynchronous. Asynchronous One bit in front and two bits in back. Total three bits to send us extra Yes. One start bit in the front, two in the back. Stop bit. Three bits are our extra. It has to be sent. So tell me one thing. He would tell me one thing. We already have these. I'm reading. Tell me one thing. If we Efficiency Let's calculate it. How is this? Calculate? Available effective power and Below is the total power I am giving. How much? How much do we get? That's our skill. So we are transferring eight bits. For this I have to send eight with me. Three more bits extra So how much of our efficiency comes from this? You calculate from multiply by 100. 72.72 7 is your percentage. What do you think about efficiency? In asynchronous transmission and in synchronous What happens in synchronous is that we block by block How much is a block in size? A block is actually 80 bytes. How many 80 bytes are there? Put something on the head and back of this one too. Either this is on our heads. How much extra do you need to add for 16 bits? Bit. How much? 16 bits. We are behind this too. You have to add 16 extra bits. It is called Header information and trailer information. Heads information and tails information. Like this. That means two bytes at the beginning. 16 bit That means two bytes and two bytes at the end. In Taran Send your extra message, totaling four bytes. Her That means sending four bytes extra in 80 bytes. Happening. To send four bytes extra in 80 bytes Happening. Clear? That means this is yours. If you calculate the efficiency in space Tell me how it will come? Here if Calculate the efficiency and see. How much do you have? You are sending 80 Byte. To send these 80 bytes, Send two more extra bahts. Happening. That means you sent these 80 bytes. To send an extra four bytes for Happening. Isn't that right? To send four more bytes Happening. But the calculations are careful. Do it. I was calculating in bits. Here But I'm doing calculations in bytes. Reason 80 To send four extra bytes with the byte Happening. 16 bits is fine so here it is. Do your calculations. How much is efficiency? How efficient are you in this area? Almost 95s Something will come, I'll just do it again. I'm a little sure, will it be 80 or 84, how many 95? 95 This is the percentage of your efficiency. Then you can write another difference here. Maybe your efficiency is increasing. In your synchronicity This is due to the low efficiency or skill level. What you will see when you test the difference is coming. And I hope everyone can write with their eyes closed. This is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous. Absolutely necessary for the exam, absolutely fine. The three parts of the Clear Tarane serial We are reading two of those three parts. Merger of synchonous and synchronous Isochronous Okay, these two are isochronous. The sum of two is combined to form Either that or what happens in isochronous isochronous The good properties of Cinchonas are: He takes it. The advantage of isochro asynchronous He takes those characteristics. Together You create a method in Mila. Which It is called isochronous. So isochronous The speed is also very high. And the advantage is here. No need for primary storage. Her Meaning This is basically synchronous transmission. Butt The time difference is close to zero. Look. What was in Synchronus? In block by block form We were sending. The time difference is the same. Was. Now if this difference is zero When it is close, it is called Isochronous. Its isochroic transmission What does it mean? That's a block away in this place. Sent in block form. But zero Nearby. The time difference is zero. Nearby. The time difference is zero. Nearby is tried. Then call it that. Isochrone. Where is it used? On your live Real time where the transmission is happening. Directly real time. It means ready now. It is being sent right now. Like this Isochronous is used in space. Her It doesn't take much more than isochronous. The definition can come if it wants to. You won't need it. Nothing will come. Actually From isochronous. But remember the definition. Keep it, which is a kind of synchronism. Transmission. But the time difference Close to zero. Where is it used? Live. Everything about live is isochronous. It is used. And another feature is that We need primary storage. No. So, one of your questions is this. I still remember that brother was in primary school. If there is no storage, then actually It is not possible to send synchronously. Reason I couldn't keep the deposit. Isn't that right? So this The answer to the question is because the class is 100. That's why I'm not giving it. But I hope this is the answer. You'll find it if you search a little. For now, if We don't need that much because we're in it. I'm not focusing much. I will remember the definition. So isochronous is enough. What from here? Will you come? Cinchonas. The difference between syncope and Difference between parallel sealers. So now we What I will read is the medium of communication. Which is another important thing for us. Topic. So we are two communication mediums. I can divide it into parts. One is connected to it. Medium. Read very carefully. And I I guarantee, brother, since there is nothing Don't memorize it, you'll have to memorize something in the future. It won't happen. Reading in such a way that all the minds It keeps going in. We divide the media into two. I can divide it into parts. One is his. Medium. One is its medium. One is a medium without it. Okay? Her Without medium. His medium is his medium, basically through him. To be discussed. I mean, we are with him. We will discuss. It is exchanged through wire. The three of us will have to study here. One Twisted pair. Twisted pair. Then there is the quiz. Koala. Then there is fiber optics. Or optical Whatever you call fiber, it's still optical fiber. Optical fiber What do we need to read from these three wires? You have to study their structure to read their properties. Will be And they have to read the difference. Very important. I will tell you in such a way that things are absolutely You can sing it in your mind to memorize it. It won't happen. Do not form characteristic differences. No need to memorize. Very simple. So first. We will say twisted pair cable. Twisted What is a pair cable? Where are you eight? It's eight wires. Twisted together. Twisted together. Okay? That's why it's called twisted pair. A lot What else is a home internet line? Eight o'clock It is twisted together. That's why it The name is twisted pair. Tell me where it is. Will it be used? Of course parallel transmission Because here are eight wires, eight wires, eight Bits can go together in parallel here. Your parallel transmission It is possible to have eight wires in four pairs. Four pairs of eight wires are twisted together. Twisted, he's a very I will tell you one important thing which You will see that it is completely ingrained in your mind. You could write easily, the most important thing in his medium. The greatest enemy is the greatest enemy of his medium. What does EMI mean? Electromagnetic interference. Electromagnetic interference, that is Wire-magnetic interference. Okay? What does inters mean? Misconduct or your history You can call it a magnetic effect. Yours Electromagnetic effect or date The magnetic effect is the biggest clue. The largest element of a wire is Electromagnetic effect. That is, a data The electromagnetic effect is being destroyed. Okay? What happens? Basically when you're here There is a wire, think with this wire. Current is being exchanged. We know. Current is exchanged through wires, right? So electricity is being exchanged. With this An amount of current I is being exchanged. When a magnetic field moves around it Comes. This magnetic field when you bring Take the wire between these two. Voltage is generated. You are from physics. Let's learn chapter three of the second paper. Let's learn chapter number four. A wire If you bring a magnetic field around Here, a potential is created in the wire. Her That means the amount of voltage going through the wire This voltage changes. That means Ultimately, the signal is in the form of a voltage. The transfer was taking place. Data is in the form of voltage. The transfer was taking place. This voltage is the change. It's done. The data has changed completely. Goes. The data is lost. That means this. The effect of EMI or date magnet The effect of the wave is actually very Data exchange through an important wire To provide. I hope you understand. What exactly is the electromagnetism effect? If The experiment shows what the magnetic effect is. Explain or explain the effect of EMI. Can you write that through him the most The big clue is this magnetic effect. Where we are around a wire if If a magnet is brought in, then Your current storage or voltage The voltage that accumulates destroys the signal. Let me write these things down, write two pictures. Who is the biggest clue to get the number? Electromagnetic effects or EME affect our wires. The date sip effect seems too much. On our twisted pair The impact is huge. The impact of EMI is many. More. The impact of EMI is very high. Reason There is no shield here. Which one actually? No defense. That means the effect is actually More. The impact of EMI is actually very large. The date magnet effect is very strong. This It is called twisted pair. Then tell me the date. If the impact is greater, can it go further? No. It will be destroyed within a short distance. Much like this. The two people who are moving forward a little Slapping. Will he be able to move forward? Can't go. His signal is lost in Taran. It's happening. That means the signal is lost. Fast. The signal is fading quickly. So No? The signal is fading quickly. Signal It's getting spoiled quickly here. As a result, it Goes a short distance. You are at a short distance. Can I use this wire? At a great distance You can't use twisted pair. Now this is the effect it actually has to reduce. An expensive twisted pair is actually an invention Done. There are two of them. One is expensive. One is less expensive. Okay? One is happening. The expensive one is the less expensive one. What is the cheapest? The low price is due to the influence of EM in it. There is no shielding. And the higher the price, the more expensive it is. There is shielding. The matter is in two parts. Sharing. One is Shield Twisted. Pair. Which is called STP shielded Twisted pair or STP is another Unshielded twisted pair or UTP. Okay? Shielded Twisted Pair or STP STP R Unshielded or UTP. What happens in Shielddata? Each pair with aluminum fuel It is actually twisted. What is the reason for this? EM's To free from influence. His willpower May your cable be protected from. Right. Is there? So, this thing is a good price. More. Who would say the price is higher? Your shield Twisted pads are a bit more expensive. With two, you basically have a hod meter. H Meter. How much with twisted pads? Hood Meter. How much? Oh, meter. Paid in Twist How much can be transferred with? Hood Meter. How much? Hood meter. We are the difference. Let's read it all together. Let's read the differences together. You will see that it is very easy for you. All the differences will be cleared together. I will read that all the cables are 100 meters because they are short. Can go the distance, can't go too far Because the impact of EM is much greater, even though Even though it is shielded, the EM effect is actually protected. It can't be more than 100 meters now. The question arises from the fact that twisted pair The reason why it is only twisted is The reason why it is being messed up is It is the first time that the impact of that EMI has been released. What is the answer to the question, what is the effect of EMI? Or the magnetic effect of the wire should be reduced. That's why it's twisted. The reason is We saw earlier that a wire If you are a magnet around, It is very difficult to bring in the field. Important, pay close attention. Otherwise, you won't understand it the first time. If you bring a magnet, then in this What voltage is generated in the circuit? The wire is charged or voltage is generated. Made from the air in the sky It works fine, no battery in the cable. Even if you install it, new voltage will be created there. This wire magnet creates voltage. The farther away the field, the lower the voltage. It will be natural, the stronger it is, the better. The impact will be less. And the closer it is, the better. High voltage will be generated here. So me If only the two of them would go serially like this. Twisted pairs are not twisted, so if two If he had gone serially, what would have happened? So what would happen if there was a magnet here? If the field were to come, there would be more in this wire. The more voltage you generate, the more it will generate. This Low voltage was generated in the wires. So No? It would have created more. Its Less would be created. Because it is close. It's far away, which means it's ultimately possible. The difference would have been made and ultimately The creation of a potential difference means The signal is lost, the voltage of the two wires is different. The difference is that the signal changes. The signal is lost, we are in the form of a potential. We send it in the form of voltage, that's why we What should we do instead of this? We keep it locked up, what do we do? This is how we wrap the wire. What are the benefits of keeping Rakhi rotten? What is the advantage of keeping it? The advantage is being Remember, I kept two owls. Here A magnetic field appeared. Here is one. The magnetic field has arrived. Here is a magnet. The field has arrived. So what's going on? I Get another bicycle. Okay? Another one I think I'll give it to you. Here Another magnetic field came. So What is the story about? Do you understand, hope? I understand those who do. That's close to this one now. It's close. More of this, less of that. Isn't that right? Again, there is more of this than that. Its Less in between, and this one closer in between. More of this, less of that, like this, yours. Here the voltage is generated by the EM. Then look at the two wires of Almetli. It's not being made, look at this wire. More is being made due to the presence of others, and less is more. Look at the white wire again, less more less more That means twice as much as two. Low voltage equal to the total voltage The reason why it is created between the two The potential difference at this point at the end of the Almetli Actually, there isn't. What is the difference between the two? There is no difference. That's why it's patched. If so, your EM effect is something. Can be reduced. Cannot be nullified at once. That's why the two are twisted. I hope so. If the number comes up, I can answer the question. Then the Koyal Cable Koyal Cable Collider Don't you hear? Coaxial means axis. In Taran, Koyal means where there is a Everyone will be on the axis. Here is basically one Aiming at the wire or centering it on its axis Basically, the remaining shells remain. So here. You have to learn the structure first, inside. You all have a copper wire inside you. What His? It has a copper wire. A copper wire There is. Which is basically your signal exchange. is provided. Exchange the like signal with that. Payment. As I call the image, the test That's how you call a picture. What is above it That is your insulator. What is left? This This is yours. Insulator. Insulator. What does an insulator do? Like electricity The current does not flow in one direction or the other. I mean, it keeps it locked and what else is outside of it? What remains is a copper mash. The test is exactly the same as mine. As I am showing here, what is there is one Copper mash is a copper mash. What does the lattice do from the influence of EM? What does the copper mesh do to protect you? Protects against electromagnetic effects And what is outside of everyone is the outer. Jacket OK. What is outside of everyone else is Your outer jacket. The one that stands out from everyone else That's your outer jacket. or Whatever you call it, the outer insulator. So What is its name? It's called Copper Mash. Copper Mash. And what is its name? Its name is Outer jacket. Outer Jacket. What is the coppersmith's job here? Yours For electromagnetic interference that The voltage is created, that voltage is now The copper mesh is ready. There is Maine. The signal that goes through it is... Actually, there is no problem. That means here What is the effect of EM? What is Twisted? More or less than? Here from Twisted The effect of EM The effect of EME Isn't it relatively low? Yes, relatively less. Comparatively low. Did you understand? Comparative But less here. If comparatively less Can you go farther or shorter distances? Can't you go relatively far? Yes, a little further than Twisted Par. You can go. How far is too far? You can go almost a kilometer. Then In this place, in this place, in your serial. Will it be used or would you say in parallel? No Transmission? Serial transmission use Will be. Because there is only one line. Eight lines No. These characteristics of his are very clear. Absolutely clear. The difference or yours Everything is happening. We'll read it a little later. Here is the structure. Given. I hope everyone can make it. And I Just like I drew the picture. You draw the picture. I hope everyone is in shape. Can. This is how I draw the picture. The picture is a test. Then it You don't need to use it. Two of these There is a type. This means there are two versions of it. What other two models are there? One is Thicknet. One is Thinnet. What does thick mean? Thick means Fat. Thin means slim. A thick wire is moving. Another one is thin wire. Okay? Which is thick His. Whatever is fat is whatever is fat. In fact, you can't go more than 200 meters. Here, the 185-meter-long butt is 200. Meter. The version number or model name of the thicknet Holt best. When such a koala is in the middle of it How many MBPS does Bestu Deyat mean at the beginning? The number that is displayed means how many Mbps. And base two means how many hundred meters can you go? Without repeater. How many hundred meters can you go? Without repeater. That means 10 best. It can go 200 meters without a repeater. The thin net and the thick net which is 500 meters You can go 500 meters without a repeater. You can go, you can tell by the name. Can this repeater go 500 meters? Otherwise, why would you say that what you think is less? Why is it going so far from the distance? We are studying a formula for resistance and Raba means the resistance of the one with the largest area. less and the one with less area has more resistance The area that is thin or thin in the taran The sun is increasing because it is decreasing. That What is happening here? The obstacle increases. Going and going at a relatively short distance. And the thick barrier is getting smaller. Reason The sun is setting, the distance is too great. Going. You should remember this. And from here You don't need to remember anything. Actually, this is MSCU. Nothing comes out of the slide. You need This is all. What is needed is the structure and That's all. As I said, EM has no effect and You can go more than a kilometer. Then Fiber optics is coming. Fiber The structure of the optics is mast. Remember the structure I will. Which is inside the fiber optics You have a core. Through which light Through. Here the light goes in form. Others What shape did it take? In the form of electricity or In the form of voltage. But it's one of those glass ones. There is a core. Through that core, in the form of light Data is. In what form would you say? In the form of light. What Could you tell me the size? In the form of light. Okay? Beyond this What remains is the cladding. This is also made of glass. Done. Core and cladding. Both are made of glass. Done. Both the core and the cladding are Made of glass. Both core and cladding It is made of glass. What remains after that is It is a strength membrane. Another one of these. There is a name, the name is buffer. And last but not least, your outerwear. Jacket. Or a very outer jacket. Whatever Why don't you tell me? Okay? Outer jacket Or outer jacket. Outer Jacket. You must remember the structure. Remember the structure. The structure of the mast should be checked and maintained. Cladding strength membrane or buffer which You are being [ __ ] hard inside. If you talk nonsense here, you will ruin the work. Strength increases membrane strength and Going outside is okay. An outer jacket is fine. Clear hopefully clear is now optical In fact, the structure of your fiber is written here. There is one thing to keep in mind that the diameter of the core The diameter of the core is 100 to your A. Micron is a thing to remember. So what you need to remember is that optical Fiber is basically optical fiber. The full inner reflection of your light In what form is light transferred? Total internal reflection of light in the form What does it mean to just normalize reflection? Just like you just reflect every Total internal reflection at the surface The light is exchanged through the full When does internal reflection occur when light is reflected from a It travels from a denser medium to a lighter medium. That means the medium outside of it. The medium outside of this means cladding. The cladding is a light medium, look at the inside. What is outside the core? Is the outer part of the core a cladding? The cladding that surrounds it is also cladding. Made of glass And its refractive index is low. The refractive index is higher than that of the cladding. The refractive index is low because light travels from a denser medium. If you go through Alka, you will be fully blessed. It is reflected and the light here is full. According to the concept of the reward of wealth, but The light is moving forward. Okay? Chloe is like this. The whole of the world in the form of a net It actually exists with fiber optics. Yours When I arrived home, I had a fiber optic line coming. It is actually spreading all over the world. Now with maximum nothing fiber opx It is pulled. Actually Now let's read about these two types of fiber optics. Will be. One is single mode, one is Multi mode. Single mode is the one that Just one light will go through at a time. Look, a light is going on. This is single mode. And what is an example of multi-mode? If it Many lines pass through it, many I hope you understand that the lights should pass together. One light goes on, another goes off. It goes like this. Another light is going on like that. Everyone is like everyone else, with the same wire. Reflecting the full inner self, he becomes Going towards the output, it is called multi. If the mode test comes in single mode and What is multi-mode, please explain. Only one through the fiber It is said that only when light is exchanged Either single mode fiber optics. And if Multiple light signals exchanged simultaneously Sometimes it's called multi-mode. Of course Common sense is the diameter of the single mode. It won't take that long. Even though the core diameter is small To be continued. But the diameter of the multi mode is a little larger. It will take. Because there is more light. Isn't that right? The road will be a little wider. That means single. The diameter of the core of the mod is actually small. How much? Is it? A to 12 microns. And multi-mode For either being your 50 to 100 microns It is up to. There is another thing that is Step index and graded index. This Two things are not really needed. This is yours. There is cladding in place, this cladding. Could be step index. That is, this The cladding has a specific refractive index. Maybe. Okay? Imagine a place like this. Specific refractive index. Another one in this place. Another one in this place is called this in this place. Step index. And if a gradient It's in the form of something like this, slowly. It's slowly decreasing, don't you see? What does color gradient mean? One color on one side and another color on the other side. It's called blending very smoothly. What is the meaning of either gradient or step? The color is changing step by step. Your refractive index is that of the cladding. If the refractive index is one of your When a gradient changes, it is called Graded index is ok and step What does index mean for every whole? Equal to you in spirit Okay, after reading these things, now come to the main. The difference in words is what we actually mean. Can I write a book from my mind at once? No need to read, no need to memorize. Notice what three wires we are reading. Optical fiber Optical fiber reading We then read Kojial Kabal, look at me. I will write the exam in such a way that it will be easy for you. I work in the same way as my head. I'll do the work, test your head is exactly the same. I can write it myself, it will work in a different way. The test will show that your head is the same. How will it work? I can write it myself. Tell me which EM has the greatest impact. At the beginning, the effect of EM is said, but its The most common reason is no protection. The name had an impact, but it had more impact. But there is not much of an EM effect here. But here, more right, yes, here, they would say The impact is relatively small, isn't it? A little less, a little less, but a little less. There is no EM effect in space. No EMI. Free trade is in the form of light within it. Flowing is flowing in the form of light, then What is the effect of EMI here? What voltage can a magnet create? No, because it's not his business. The thing is very interesting, the effect is more, the effect is less. Free tell me what is wrong with this Sooner or later, of course. Your signal will be lost very quickly. A little slow, a little late, a little slow or It will be ruined a little later. Okay? A little It will be wasted later. And very little of it. It will be ruined. Isn't that right? Very little will be wasted. Very Less waste will occur. Look, I'm not writing, I'm writing. I could read. It means to leave the slide show. I could. Write the differences on the slide. But I I'm writing this as if it were a test. Thinking. Well, if it's too much waste, Can you go further? No, short. You can go far. At a short distance You can go. Then what is it? A little more than that More You can go a little further, a little further away. Too much, not too much, I would say, too much, a lot Wright can go much, much farther. Then it can travel short distances. How short is that? 100 meters is a bit. How much more can you go? Kilometers and there is really no limit to this. I can take you as far as I want, as far as I want. You can take it, it's okay, take it as much as you want. Can you tell me one thing now? How would you explain speed here? Speed ​​is the thing. So since there is transfer at the speed of light The speed is actually higher in this place. Actually, speed can be understood with common sense. Actually, there's more in this place and between these two. Our speed is a little faster. Although when you were reading the characteristics and The speed was roughly the same in space 10 Even though Mbps is actually close, the speed is still pretty good. But if you want to make an exact comparison... That one is much faster than you. In case you write it is slow speed. Low speed or in this case you are a little You can write more, you can write a little more. Buttocks If you are close to Ekchuali, tell me again now. In what form does information pass through this twisted pair? Either means what form is the voltage going to? Tarane here in terms of size, not voltage Analog Your voltage through an analog signal Going into shape. Voltage is going in the form. How about here too? Are you saying you're going? In the form of voltage. Here's how. Going? Here it goes in the form of light. Here What shape would you say it is going to be? In the form of light. Would you say it's clear or not? Absolutely. Clear. Now think about the cost. Things that are good are a little more expensive. So Of course, the cost of optical fiber is the most More. The cost is high. Bring in the thought of spending. Whenever I write a difference in this chapter, I write about the cost. You can write one point. Here The cost is reasonable. Okay? Roughly Or the cost is a little less. A little less. And it costs very little. Reason The thing is bad. The cost is low. Absolutely worth the cost Less. So tell me, how many differences did we write? The difference has not sunk into my mind at all. Just close your eyes and write it down. Can I have one more EME? The less the more the less distance will go, the shorter the distance It will be destroyed very soon without RME. It will take a much longer distance then this. Speed ​​too much speed a little too much speed Short 100 meters is a lot to go in a kilometer. The distance goes then in the form of light Goes in the form of voltage Goes in the form of voltage Costs are much higher Costs are comparatively lower If it is very low, then tell me to write the differences. Can't it mean the difference between them? If the features come, if they come, these are the ones What are the characteristics of twisted pair? You arrange them beautifully, not the points. If you write, this will become your characteristic. But the things are on the previous slides. Look at these things, they are beautifully written. It is beautifully written on the previous slides. Look at what's written here, transmission. The loss is relatively low, meaning the loss is less then Only wait for this way to go further. Data can be created. I mean, the same thing to you. In this space you can write in the form of a characteristic. Can. I mean, you are the one who has the best qualities. Write in convenience. The bad things I mean, whatever you like about this. Write down all the points in the benefits. The bad points are in the difficulty. Write. So you get the advantages and disadvantages. Let's go to each wire. And if you say features You can write everything. That means we Very easily the characteristics of its medium and Pros and cons of writing very beautifully Can. Right? I hope it's clear. So what we're going to read now is Wireless communication medium. Communication We are of two types. One is his. Medium. A wireless medium. Remember? We will now study the medium without it. Her What we basically do in the form of waves without a medium In size? We exchange in the form of waves. What Exchange in the form of? In the form of waves. How much? Are there different types of waves? Our three types of waves To study with. Three types of waves We can exchange with. One This is our radio wave. One is happening. Radiowave. Another one is the microwave. Okay? One is radio waves, one is It's a microwave. Another one is infrared. Okay? Infrared. With these three waves, basically We can exchange data. This Three waves or waves or spectrum You are familiar with these. Right? You study physics, you study chemistry. You If you look at the characteristics of the waves, radio waves What is frequency? Not the least. Radiover The frequency is the lowest. Infrared frequency More than that. That means if I am yours Thinking about frequency The frequency of the radio waves is low. Microwaves with higher frequencies than that Infrared has a higher frequency than that. Okay? Frequency comparator But radio frequencies are the lowest. I've always been like that, I mean it all this time. The ones I'm teaching so far. A feature Tell me the characteristic that means the most to you. If you keep the remaining differences or You can write the characteristics in bold. So No? I've been doing this for so long. So still This is what I will do. Let me tell you one thing. You can actually do everything with it. Okay You would tell me the one with the higher frequency Isn't that actually high energy? You are studying physics. That The wave has high energy. Isn't that right? Energy But more. But the energy is high. Now something new Remember the characteristics that define your life. Will set it. As the frequency increases, Goes a short distance. Okay? Short distance Goes. But you won't find these in books. Very Beautiful. Very funny. Reading everything in relation Goes. Look, that's how I remember it. Frequency The shorter the distance, the more. Clear? The higher the frequency, the better your wave. It will be reflective. It will be reflective. It will be reflective in nature. Okay? Okay. It will be reflective in nature. That is, The higher the frequency, the more you get from here. The wave is going. The wave is going one way. He's going to back out again after hitting the wall. The reflective nature will increase. As the frequency increases, it becomes reflective. Nature will grow it. Frequency Kamal The tendency to spread will increase. Spread. Spread. Okay? That means if he encounters any obstacles now, he will Don't reflect. He won't reflect. If the frequency is low, it will spread. Around. It will spread. He/She/It spreads. Will go. It will spread. That means The frequency of the spread decreases The probability of spreading The characteristic of the wave is that it increases. That means if the frequency decreases, he actually Can overcome obstacles. Obstacles Can overcome obstacles. Isn't that right? Obstacles Can overcome. Although spelling matters No. Can overcome obstacles. This feature I will remember. His medium is absolutely clear. As the frequency increases, the energy decreases. Distance goes and what would you say is reflective? Nature either spreads when its frequency decreases. Can overcome obstacles and frequency The less you go, the more distance you go. If you remember these things, your life will be clearer. Distance goes down, frequency goes up, distance goes up The higher the frequency, the shorter the distance. It's all clear, okay, it's all clear now. We are going to read what waves are on the radio. Our radio waves are microwaves and infrared. Your range of radio waves is one. Remember, from 10 kilohertz to gigahertz. I was saying this on the radio until now. Is the frequency of the radio wave more or less certain? Low radio frequency, less or more, definitely less So what is the first characteristic of radio frequency? It would say that if the frequency is low, it is low. You can't go far, you can go less. Of course it means you can go far. Can go longer distances Can go longer distances. From the remaining two Can go longer distances. From the remaining two Can go longer distances. So tell me. If an alien has something for you, What wave will he use to send the signal? Should it be microwaved or radioed? Of course, they will send it to Radio. Because the radio is loud. Distance goes. The mike doesn't go far. It will go a long way in your place. So you would say it can overcome obstacles. Is it? Yes. It is to overcome obstacles You can. You can overcome obstacles. Obstacles Can overcome. It has more energy. Or less? Since it is low frequency, it But the energy is low. Its energy but Less. It can overcome obstacles. This You can go longer distances. Isn't that right? Now Another feature to remember is that this radio The length of the tower that creates the wave The length of this tower is taken from it. One-fourth of a wavelength is so large It takes a tower. That's why it was created. Difficult. Because the radio frequency is low, the waves But the length is big. Ek flamed wave But the length is big. That means one-fourth. Share. If the tower is so big, if it is so big What do you call this? If yours is so big It takes a device to make it, but Difficult. If you need an antenna that big. Right. Is there? If you need an antenna, this is yours. Although the radio signal is very large, The feature that gives you the ability to cross mountains Can do or overcome many things You can do it. That means making it. But it's difficult. You see these six figures. We will see that we can do absolutely everything. Look. What are the advantages? It breaks through the building walls. Can do. What is the reason? His composure is low. Very Easy. Can be used indoors in two places. The transmitter needs to be in the same straight line. No. What is the reason? It spreads. Spreading What does it mean to go? Transmitter receiver is the same No need to stand in line. Because it is It is spreading. Then it is absorbed into the atmosphere. No. This is a very important feature. That It is not absorbed into the atmosphere. Which wave? It is not detected in the atmosphere. This is important. An MCQ. That means it's important. I will remember an MCU. Initiated in the atmosphere Which one is not? Radio wave. That's actually a lot. It can go far. Atmosphere You can go outside too. What is the radio disadvantage? This tower looks very big. Meaning The antenna looks very big. Again huge The amount of information cannot be sent at once. Huge The amount of information cannot be sent at once. Okay Let's remember another feature. That's yours. When the frequency decreases, the speed decreases. When the frequency decreases, when the frequency decreases The speed decreases. Why would you say that? Because at the beginning I see your bandwidth is getting low. But your space is reduced. How much bandwidth do you have? You exchange with frequency. We can do it. That band is reduced to 500. Between 100 and 5000 and 10000 The band is high. If the frequency decreases, The speed decreases. That means radio waves. The speed is low. That is why a large amount of information Cannot be sent together. For health Harmful. Can you write another problem? That requires a much larger antenna. Then Your microwave is coming. You all know how to use OK Radio. Television, radio, microwave, etc. Basically your higher frequency and gigahertz From almost a gigahertz to this point You call it a microwave oven. The longer the wavelength, the higher the frequency. If the frequency is high, tell me what happens. If the vibration is too high, will it spread? Or will it go point to point? It's point to point. The points will go up or down, it won't go down or down. This means it is point to point transmission. Point to point Can't it overcome obstacles? Reflective, isn't it? It's reflective. It cannot overcome obstacles because The higher the frequency, the more reflections will occur. The source and receiver should be in the same straight line. It would be beneficial if the speed increased. Because the frequency is higher, the speed increases. Okay, this is the advantage of this. But the energy is high. But the energy is high. This wave But the energy is high. So if you Now look at the features, even children. You can write these features. Look what? Saying? Cannot walk on a crooked path. Hey brother You know why you can't walk on a crooked path. It has to stay along the same straight line. There must be no obstructions between the transmitter and receiver. You can't. Very simple thing. Any building or It is placed on a tower so that the signal is stronger. Can overcome distance. Because the signal Just go for a short distance. Reason Reason Frequency is low if the frequency is high. The distance will not go too far, the distance will go too short. I mean, you could write a lot of differences. You could write many words with less distance. Will go So if radio waves and microwaves I can't write if you ask me to write the difference. Now I can write it easier to write the difference. The point is a bit off, one more point. Going a little further away Going a little further away Can you write a letter to the end of the road? Couldn't he do something so easily? Can you write down the benefits? Can you tell me what type of cable is needed? No. It's a benefit for everyone. Radio Infant microwaves are a benefit for everyone. What? No cables are required. Okay? Then it can't go on as planned. This is a Difficulty. You have to stay along the same line. This A problem. This is a problem. Now Why is the microwave divided into two parts? Goes. One is terrestrial. Microwave. One is a satellite. Microwave. Terrestrial Microwaves happen when you are on Earth. To be. Think of this as your world. When between the two towers on earth You will communicate via microwave. Then it is called terrestrial. Microwave. When the transmitter and When the two receivers are in the earth When in the atmosphere That's called terrestrial. Microwave. Then say that. And if Your world means nothing to the world. Any object outside the satellite's atmosphere If we are communicating, the object is Then we have this thing. Satellite microwave satellite Outside the atmosphere Inside the atmosphere Basically, when a satellite is in contact with the Earth, When communication is done through microwaves, We call the microwave a satellite. Microwaves are basically the same thing as a world There is a world inside the satellite. There are features but the same point Point transmission to go longer distances Can't. Then what rhymes do you have to say? No obstacle can overcome you. So You can do these. Then it is coming. Infrared, which has a higher frequency. The frequency is higher. So you would say it's more Not too much point to point. More Point to point. More points to Point. Point to point. More short distances. Isn't that right? More Very short distance. Short distance. More can overcome your obstacles. No. It can spread even more. Yours is Reflects. Isn't that right? More Reflective. So you know these things. Infrared actually Where does it live? On the TV remote. Look at the TV remote. If you tap like this, it will turn off. Reflects. That means the TV remote. Short distance and reflective. How do you get the features? What is the reason? Infrared is used. Infrared is very high. Frequency. That's why you have this. But the features are visible there. Transfers are made over short distances. More But the distance cannot be taken. Because less is more. Can transfer him over long distances No. It doesn't work if there are obstacles. Look. Two siblings quarrel in front of the TV and the TV is turned off. If you put your hand in front of it, the TV will not work. No. Because the barrier is infrared He can't cross. But if it's radio But he could have passed. I hope it's very easy. Can. Cheap in price. Then we have this Three technologies in wireless communication You have to read about it. One is Bluetooth, One is WiFi, one is WiMAX. So tell me before. The three means of wireless communication That means three waves, three mediums, these three. The medium is clear for everyone, no one has any problems. I hope there is no problem with anyone through three channels. No, we have three ways, three ways. Everyone is now clear through these three means. We create three technologies, three What technology is Bluetooth? One is Bluetooth and one is WiFi. One is what WiMAX is from here now. From here, just three definitions will come. How do you give the definition? Bluetooth is created. There is an organization called I Triple. It maintains a standard. 802 Point Something Ip Follow this standard. Then WiFi is created by IP. This standard is created. This Follows the standard. Then Y Max it is made IJ Poly 802.6 Follow this standard. Okay, since it's only from three o'clock. We just need the definition. And What wave are these three made of? No Based on the medium, what medium is it based on? Ready? All three are based on microwaves. Done. Microwave. All three are based on microwaves. All three are based on microwaves. Right. Is there? So what are your three definitions? That Bluetooth is a microwave A system founded on the medium. Which complies with the IP 802.15 standard. is conducted. WiFi is a microwave A system based on this. Which is I 802.1 These rules and regulations follow that. Similarly, you can also give the definition of OIX. Can. And Bluetooth is used over short distances. This is wireless, you all know these are installed. Easy to do. The WiFi has a slightly longer range. Your speed increases a little in this. And the Y Max is even bigger. This is a big area. Widespread means that WiFi covers a large area. That's basically called your Wi-Fi. Y Man or your metropolitan area Mainly using Wi-Max in the network Yes. If we read the Metropolitan a little later What is an area network? So basically we Bluetooth WiFi Wax from here only Will there be a definition of what Bluetooth is? What is WiFi? What is Y Max? So I hope these three things are completely clear. You can just define it. Basically yours The wireless medium is important and Warped medium. These two What are the differences between mediums and mediums? Everything. So I hope it's completely clear. That much. If it's clear, another clear comment. Do it everyone. I want to see how many people have this. Clear until. So now we will read. This is the most boring part of the chapter. That Mobile communication is quite good from here. Some MCQs come. Nothing more comes. So I will tell you the MCQs. A little trouble You have to remember. So here we basically The first generation of mobile phones Second generation, third generation, etc. Discussing mobile phone generations Done. Okay? What is in which generation? These things have been discovered Discussed. So these things are mine. Let me just tell you a little bit about which generation. It was discovered with just a little effort. Must keep. Just remember these few things. Must keep. All the rest are these things. The chapter can be read with understanding. So you I will try my best to remember that your first The first generation is the first generation. There were no rooming facilities in the generation. No There were no rooming facilities. Okay? Yours. The first generation is the first generation. There were no rooming facilities. and analog radio Your mobile via signal What was the communication like? Radio signal Through. So, remember those two features. I will note that there was no roaming facility. Roaming I'll read about the benefits a little later. So roaming There was no advantage and your radio signal Maybe use it. So this is the second The generation is very important because here You get a lot more questions than that here. Your prepaid system is activated. Question Which prepaid system will be launched? Generation after generation, then the second generation International rooming facilities are also introduced. Very important, it wasn't in the first generation. The second generation was launched and then the switch The Internet is launched in a networked manner. That means the first generation didn't have the internet. The second generation of internet has been launched. MMS SMS are enabled, okay? Exchange both voice and data It is happening in the second generation, which means this You need to remember things a little more. That your internet is turned on, prepaid The system is activated, SMS, MS, these are Sending starts, prepaid and being These are activated on your postpaid. Then Your data voice exchange is on. Yes. That means you'll need to remember it a bit. The thing that is introduced in the third generation is It is an e-commerce banking facility. This It starts more in the second or third generation. Okay? This is the international roaming facility. The second generation has been launched. This In the third generation, we will remember that e-commerce They are turned on. Then in the fourth stage Remember that this place is IP dependent. The network is created. I mean the internet. IP dependent. Internet Protocol Address dependent. The previous one was a switch. Network method. Your second Yours in the generation switch network method The internet was launched on the switch network. In the method. Bot IP based enabled In your fourth generation. So that's all. I will remember. And the fifth generation of 4K TV It means that the video can be understood and enjoyed. It can be done. This is an important MCQ. 4K video on any generation that comes on board Can be enjoyed. So these MCQs are a bit I will remember it with difficulty because outside of this Nothing comes from. Okay? One more thing. Remember that mobile communication That is GSM and CDMA. Difference. First, remember the full form. It will take. GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. Mobile communication. It is a global system. It means widely available. CDMA Code Division Multiple access. What is the difference? First words See if you can write what's happening in CDM. GSM What happens in GSM is that you have your SIM and here Your SIM cannot be removed. The SIM is there. This GSM cannot be removed. Popular This is why it is global, isn't it? It's more Popular it is less popular it is less popular it is less Since you are popular, what do you do? Deal with another foreign company You can enable rooming facilities. It's like you and yours are one. There are fans in your specific area. You The MP is from a region. Something of yours There are those who are being That means, keep it protected. Now they are yours. As long as you are in the area, you can use the service. You could give it. Butte surrounding areas When you go or when you go to another country But you can't give that advantage. His SIM card will remain unused. What are you? What? The brother who deals with the MP of that country When my people go upline, you I will provide the service, that's my deal with you. So what do you do then? When they go to that country, You can use your SIM in the country. So It happens like this. GP is a foreign SIM They are making deals with companies that If my customer goes to your country, you Internet facility or service facility Give it. What to do then? When you go to that country The SIM network of that country will give you that The service is provided. This is called rooming facility. You are leaving Bangladesh for another country. GP You will get the internet. To use the Internet Can you call me or will it go to your phone? Because of the rooming facilities. So since GSM Being more popular means having friends in the neighboring country. You can find it easily. That means roaming facilities. You'll actually get more in this place. And this Roaming facilities will be limited in the area. Okay? These parts are here. If you know three It will be fine. It won't take much longer. One of them has rooming facilities. One There is no rooming facility. In one What can you do about it? Same Remove It can be done. Removing the same from another No way. One is more popular, one is less. Popular. Just write these three things for you. Will go. Can you remember another one in which Your speed decreases within a GSM. Goes. And the speed increases in this. And why does the speed decrease or increase? There is an explanation. But for now, it's called the 100th class. I won't give it. If you remember these three differences, It will be done. The more popular the less popular. Same can be used. It can't be done. Okay Rooming facility No roaming. If you remember this much It will be done. Okay, what comes next for us. Chapter Two on Computer Networking Part mobile communication means communication Systems and Networking We Now Part 2: Getting into networking Hopefully within 30 to 40 minutes. Our class is about to end, which means the whole class is over. The chapter is called What is Networking? Networking means that you have mutual When two computers are connected to each other Once a communication is established, it Let's say we are a computer network, that is You have two or three computers here. When they communicate with each other Establish it through him. When they communicate through non-verbal means When we establish this, we call it A computer network or a mesh Like what does computer network mean? It means that when more than one computer is connected to a It is connected to or exchanges information with We call that structure being provided. The definition of a computer network is very Computer networks will ring in clear ears is a specific structure where Many computers communicate with one another. I hope it's okay if it's connected. This thing is clear. You are a computer. To write the definition of network Can. Now this computer network Four means can be divided into several bases. One is based on ownership. Ownership We can divide it into two parts. One is private and the other is public. Can you understand? One is a government one. Private. What is public? Which anyone can use. Can do. Or is yours a government job? Owned. And what about private? One The privately owned network. Remember You connect with several computers. They created a network. That's you. Owner. That is a private network. So it's actually very easy to understand. When you look at the definition, you will understand that The owner is an individual, organization, person. Or the organization is called yours. Private network. And the network that The owner is called the government or the government. It is a public network. Okay? Which company? Not managed by. Okay? Okay. No Managed by a person or organization rather, by a country or organization is conducted. Okay? Public private You understand. Now we have another one. Providing services based on goods I can divide it into a few more categories based on that. How much is based on service provision? Based on service provision or control Based on service provision and control That is a peer-to-peer network. Client server network is becoming more A hybrid is a combination of the two. Pair to Pair What does it mean? Look, basically, that's what happens. Imagine if you had a server. A server. What does server mean? I understand your chapter four, okay? A server simply means a computer. A special kind of computer that remembers YouTube is being used as a storage. Its videos are stored together so that That's a server in space, so it's special. A kind of computer that is always on. Let's call that a server, so if you have this There is a computer in the place that we What do we call the client computer? Client So with this client if This is what we call server communication. We are a client server network. Where there will be a client There will be a server. If the server is connected to the client When communication happens, we say client. Server network. And if we Only with the client When communication happens, we call it love. Two-peer network. What can I say? Pier Two Peer network. Peer to peer. Peer to peer network. And what is this? Would you say? This is a client server. This It is a client server network. You can see it. Client server Network. Now one of these two There are advantages. What are the benefits? Look, client. Does the server need a storage or a Need a server? Yes, a server. It seems. It looks like a server. Which server in a peer-to-peer network It seems like you were telling me. I am the difference. I am writing. What server is needed? No. There is no server. It would be more expensive to have a server. Will not read. Yes. That means it costs less. Since there is no server. Cost is low. Of course it is. It will cost more. It will cost more. Cost is high. It will take. It will cost more. What kind of network is it now? When do we form? When you think of us as resources Sharing or exchanging information or Sharing information is our main focus. Then We actually use client server. That means sharing information. Such as YouTube information Sharing, right? Share the video. Her That means it is in a client server network. But he will use it. In a place The server has videos of them. Sharing. And when we Connectivity Connectivity is our main concern. Then we use the peer-to-peer network. Do it. When our July movement was happening Then you will see that even after the internet is down A system was developed that via Bluetooth via a The Internet was formed. So this is actually Peer to peer network. Okay? There was no server there. But okay. It costs more to write these parts in Taran. You can. Another difference to keep in mind What does the client do here? Client requests to server The brother who sent the file you have I want to see the file, OK client. The brother who sends the request to the server I want to see your file, he gives it. Request client to server But this only gives requests. On the network He makes the request and the server gives it to him. Response is happening. You read these in Chapter Four, right? I am leaving quickly, server server. Response is being given. The server is responding. But since in a peer-to-peer network Both of them are clients here. No server means any device here or any node or any device simultaneously You can also make requests. You can also respond if necessary. Can also respond. So these are the things happening. The difference between the two. These require a server. There is no server. Since there is a server, the cost More. There is no server because the cost is low. Then Connectivity This is storage sharing. For or resource sharing it For connectivity. Clint in it The server responds to the request. Its But between the two means that anyone can respond or Can request. I hope this is the case. Got it. Isn't that right? Here is your difference. It is written. Very nicely done, you are the same. We'll see. The focus on connectivity Peer to peer network. Hey information Clients base you on fertilizer. Server network then it's yours What do you mean what happens in each pair? We have our own data, we have data. Then each service request to the server And the response can do both here only Servers provide services upon request. It makes it less expensive to have a server. These two or three differences are more expensive If I can write it, I hope it will be number B. Everyone can do this now, your client server. The net can be divided into two parts. One Your centralized network is Distributed network. From here The definition is all that's needed. What is a centralized network? Where one Dependent only on the server The network is called centralized. Network. Where different servers The network is dependent on it, it is called Distributed network. Which is better? More? The distribution network is much better. Because even if a server is broken You can handle the rest. Your system is fine with the rest. There will be. Otherwise, the network will go down. So the distributor is better. Then Based on the distance, we see But I was reading the network share. Based on remoteness or extensive Based on this, we divide it into four parts. I can do it. One is the Pen Loom Man. One. Personal Area Network, Local Area Network, Metropolitan Area Network and Wide Area Network. How big is the spread? Your network is based on that. Personal means small, in a very small space. You can make it in very little space. Very little You made it on the spot. Very little In place. Like if it's yours at all Personal is limited to 10 meters. Either your network is called that. Personal Area Network. Like yours. Your phone, your laptop, your watch, these The network that has been formed within They are called personal areas. Network. Then local area Network. It's a little bigger. One kilometer Limited to a single campus or Confined to an office. To call it Either a land or a local area Network. When it gets a little bigger This is called the Metropolitan's Ria. One from the network or man If it is limited to the campus, It is said that can and a wide place If there is a wide area across It is said that the network is large. One is our internet, one is one. Example of a Wide Area Network Okay, now we have to read the thing. To read a few devices to create a network There will be no difference from here. Features will not come, nothing will come, nothing will come A few MCQs and your characteristics Sorry, nothing more than a definition. Are we the modem? I am reading What is a modem or transducer? That is so What does a device do on the sender side? Converts digital signals to analog and Analog SIG digital conversion at the receiver side Does. We call that device a modem. We First of all, it's completely falling apart at the beginning. This Just remember the definition. Nothing else. And remember, this is the modem word. The two that modulation and demodulation Abbreviation of ward. It feels a little bit like that. I will keep it. Digital to analog on the sender side Converting is called modulation. And the recipient Convert your analog to digital on the side. This is called demodulation. So these two together It is called a modem. Then there is the network. Interface card. This is happening. If the device is your computer If you don't have internet access, Helps provide internet access. Then What should I say? That network interface card Or a NIC card is a device that Internet on any device Provides connectivity. Internet connection Gives. Okay? Can you write the definition? Very easy. Then there is the repeater. Repeater What does it do? What does a repeater do? Repeater operation It is the work of the repeater that is yours. So I know that the further a signal goes, It's getting late. Because of his resistance. Cable Due to prevention. What does a repeater do? Setter Increases the level. Its amplitude Amplifies or makes the signal stronger Does. It has two lines. In the Reaper How many inputs are there? Two. One input one Output. You draw a line through it. Enter and that signal is amplified. Or is it getting stronger from here? Back. Okay? In the case of Dishline You look at these things. The most Hubs and switches are important. This The difference between the two. I'll see what happens in the test. The number is coming up between the hub and the switch. Difference Between Hub and Switch You will see that the number B is coming up in the exam. Difference between hub and switch Class ends What remains to be done is what you will see in the exam. The question remains whether the hub and switch The difference between a hub and a switch is twofold. What are they, in fact, devices of the same species? Connects multiple devices together Watch out for multiple devices at once. Connect multiple computers together Connecting hubs and switches works the same. Both hubs and switches work the same. If you connect multiple devices at once, The definition comes from the definition of the hub. Half What do you mean? Question number A has been asked. A so-called hub refers to a device that Many computer devices or A networking device that Connects many devices together. A switch is a networking device. A device that connects multiple computers together Connects. Now their procedure There is a little trouble. Hub, I'll remember this. It's a joke. What? Hub, remember this. Habla. He does something stupid. A joke. Does. What is the meaning of Hablami? Think of this data. Will send it to B. Pay attention. Data in Will send it to B. That means he's a parrot. I was just about to send it to him. Butt Hub Makes a joke. That data is broadcast. Does. Send it to everyone. What is that data? Does? Send it to everyone. What is that data? Does? Send it to everyone. That means hub Makes a joke. I will remember this. Test This is how you write in college. I mean, the exam is in college. I think so. The hub makes a hubbub. What is the point of gossiping? Data Broadcasts. If you broadcast this There are many difficulties. If you broadcast There are many difficulties. If you broadcast this There are many difficulties. Security first. Decreases. A message from one of you to another. You are going to increase. Even if you can't get to him, everyone It will be completely dark. So this What would you say is happening in the place? Your security is reduced. Goes. Security. Does this security decrease or increase? Reduced security Goes. Security decreases. Reduced security Goes. What would you say then? Data collisions occur. Why? Suppose you are sending a data B. Near it. C is sending a data to D. Near. So it was meant to be. This way. It will go away. It will go this way. But he also sends it to everyone. Share too Send it to everyone. Hub. What happens then? Two sides It is a conflict. That means in this place Conflicts are more frequent. Conflicts are more frequent. Conflict It is more. Conflicts are common in this area. This Is the speed properly utilized in the space? Are you doing it? No, speed is being wasted in this place. More data is flowing through the cable in Huday Whoever goes to the DRC is going to Huday. If it's not needed, it means it's a waste of speed here. Either speed is wasted or You can easily write down the features. Very easy, see the advantages and disadvantages, which are good. Write down the advantages together. Write down the disadvantages and difficulties. Relatively low because your price is cheap. Cheap three states are such things that are good. The price is a little high, it's bad, so the price is low. Then it can connect later. It's one of them. The good thing is that it does basic work. The difficulty is that traffic increases because He transfers many random data. Data encounters barriers to exchange What does filtering mean? Which is not sent to him but broadcasted This is what gives data filtering. Does not filter data Does filter data No, that is, broadcast broadcast Does that mean it's not filtering and is now switching? A little clever, how does he filter the data? Filtering and sorting according to the address of each person According to whose address Send it to him according to his address. He sends it to him, resulting in many benefits. What convenience has become a security? Security has increased Security has increased Look more at what comes from our minds. Just writing them will fill your exam notebook. Can you write another one here? Security? Can I write with less difficulty? Security It will be more then speed here The property will be utilized or used. This place is well managed because of The speed will increase. Then what about this place? Would you say it would happen? There will be less conflict in this area. There will be less conflict. There will be less conflict. Isn't that right? There will be less conflict. That means its advantages I can write the problem very easily. Where Filtering is possible without any obstacles. Data The danger of becoming weak in exchange It also excludes. This is a big advantage. He/She But it also works like a repeater. It also works like a repeater. Magnifying value A little more because the thing that is worth the price A little more of something that is a good price. more and the configuration is a bit complicated which Okay, its configuration will be a little complicated. Tell me the difference between a hub and a switch. I hope everyone can write without turning it off. Clear, everyone can write, okay everyone? We can write then we have a bridge. Bridge is basically nothing, it's basically two. Connects to the local area network I mean, I would say that networking is a bridge. A device that has two local areas Connects together in an area network. Two local area networks together A bridge is connecting. That means What is the definition of a bridge? I say before Nothing will come from here except definition. Two local area networks together Connects. Okay? Two such devices Local area networks connect together. And What is a router? Routers are two of the same IP. On the network. Two networks with the same IP. Connects two networks with the same IP It's a router. And two different IPs. Two different internet protocols On a different Internet protocol network Connecting to your gateway IPO How to enter definitions in IPIT Taran? The gateway that is networking is a The two devices have different IP addresses. Now we connect the network together Reading is our most important Part of that is the network topology. Very important, a lot of creativity from here. This topology comes to mind for many people. There is confusion that the brother does not understand the question or I don't know how to answer. I say this again. Don't memorize anything in the chapter. I am like that. I will tell you some things. This If you ask the questions, you will get the answers. But that's how we read everything. Topology Absolutely. We will read some things. Specific things. Specific questions Do it. You'll see that it's completely clear. Absolutely. Clear. Okay? We are certain I will ask a question. First we have to specify something. I will ask a question. We learn the questions first. That What questions should I ask? Number one Question. The question we will ask is, Whether there are servers in the topology because of the server Based on this, we have two points. I can write whether the price is high or low. Whether there is a server or not is a point. If there is a server, the price is higher if there is no server. The price is low, is there a server in Taran? Is there or not, that's my first question. If there is a server, then if there is a server Then what should I do with the second comment? I will comment on the price, whether it is high or low. Is the price high or low? More or less? Then I will comment, I will ask a question. Is the speed high or low? Speed ​​Speed Is the data transfer rate high? Less? Then the question I will ask is Conflict. Is data exchange causing more conflicts? Less? I will ask these questions. Look, four. I found four characteristics of the question. If you ask these four questions about any topology, you will get four But you will get the features. There is a server. Or not? Is the price low or high? Speed ​​is low. Or more? Is there a conflict or not? Then You can ask some more questions. That new Device New device How easy or difficult is it to add? Added Is it easy or difficult to do? Easy or difficult? This But topology is a good feature. This is a Question. Adding a new device is easy. Or is it difficult? This is a question. Six The question of the number is being asked, is it new? What happens when you add a device? What happens to the story when added? This is your six. Number question. Okay? New device What happens to the story when added? What is the story? This is your sixth question. Then seven You will add the number question. How much is that? Can it be easily enlarged? How easy is it for you? The network can be expanded. How easily the net grows Can it be done? Question number eight is going to be big. What happens to the story when you make it bigger? What is the story? Okay? What is the story? Nine I'm going to ask the number, which is a device. What happens to the story if it is ruined? Question number 10 is about security. How is it? That's it. 10 characteristics you have Every topology will have just Ask the questions. Is there a server or not? Is the price low or high? Is there a collision at low or high speed? No, how easy is it to add new devices? How easy is the story when the device is connected? If you enlarge it, what happens to the story? Eight. After you go, is the security more or less? Then another question is what do you The last thing I'm saying is that if a device breaks, What happens in the story with these 10 questions? You will get 10 features. Now this Which answer to the question 10 would be better? Which would be bad, right? Which one will be happening? Which of the following is a bad feature and which would be better? Features. You will write down the good qualities. Advantages and disadvantages. Good features Write in the facility. Bad traits Difficulty writing. If you are told that so-and-so What are the disadvantages of topology? What is the difficulty? Or what are the benefits? Write. What to do? Write down these 10 questions. If the answer is good Write at your convenience. If the answer is bad Difficulty writing. And there will be mistakes in life. There will be no mistakes in life. 10 questions at all. Sing in your mind. That server has Or not? Is the price low or high? Speed ​​is low. Or more, less or more conflict. Then How easy is it to add new devices? What happens to the story if you add as many of your easels as you can? How easy is it to grow? What is the story when you grow up? Is it? Then the story of when a device breaks What happens? And the device means the entire topology. Security. I will ask this question. Absolutely. Clear. Now we will study bus topology. Everything seems to be clear. Topology How many are there? There are a few bass star rings. Bus topology What is a main in bus topology? There is a backbone, it is called a backbone. You have a main backbone. There is a main backbone, it is called Backbone with a main backbone or In the form of a stoppage that doesn't exist It is a shape with various devices attached to it. Stoppage This is a stoppage at various stops. Different devices are now connected one by one. Ask if there is a server in Taran first. The first question is the answer server is not there. There is no server, so I would say this is a good feature. No, of course there is no good feature server. There is no server, so why would you say the price is low? Number three speed is too high or too low for me. Tell me one thing, everyone should leave the house and do the same thing. Will the speed of the line be high or low? There will definitely be less, everyone will be staying at home. If everyone in the city walked on one road, speed would be The structure of Dhaka city would have been more or less If it were like this, would the speed be higher or lower? Of course the speed would have been lower than the speed here in Taran. The speed is low, but the speed is low in this place. The speed will decrease in this area, but it will decrease. Will there be more or less conflict in this place? But broadcast means data. Conflict is high Conflict is high in this place Conflict is more conflict Is there a specific switch here? No, Tarane will send it to a specific address. Your data is going here too. It's going there too. This is also going, this is going, there is someone there. Four questions about the environment, four answers. Then how easy is it to add a new device? Yes, very easy, very easy, look at one line. Adding new devices is very easy with Goes. New device New device easily added It can be done. Can be added easily. Device What happens to the story when you add it? The story is very It's bad. The speed decreases further. Because new A person will use that road. Speed Decreases. Decreases. How easy is the network? Can be enlarged. Very easy to magnify Goes. This is the main cable, if you Expand to add more devices here. Can. That means it's very easy to magnify. Goes. Network Network Network can be easily expanded What happens when you easily enlarge your butt? The story is very bad and the speed is slow. Speed ​​decreases, decreases. Then the last question is number nine. What happens if the device is damaged? What is the story? It doesn't matter if a device breaks, It means the one who is ruined in his place. If the device is broken, it goes away if the device is broken. No, it doesn't matter. Tell me 10 characteristics you found, these are absolutely true. Write down the good things among the difficulties. These are the good ones among the bad ones. Price is low, features are good, collision is high, bad. Features Speed ​​Low Bad Features New Good feature that can be added to devices Adding it reduces speed. Bad feature Good feature that can be enlarged, speed increases The bad qualities that come with losing them are reduced. No good features Look, these are all here. What's going on? Can you explain the situation? Easy to grow, good feature here What else is written in the benefits? It is written that if it is broken, it does not flow. If it is broken, it does not flow. What doesn't come up is good features that are written here then Can be easily connected or disconnected. Good features to add here Among the advantages, writing is good, low cost. Features are written here here Central You need a hub or switch or your server. It's okay, installation is cheap. It's because there's less of it here. It means What is a unique feature of it? Unique features that are low cost or Your price is low. Okay? Cheap. This is happening. Its unique features. These are common characteristics. Unique is one. There may be features. That is cheap. Say you can't write the problem. More of those You will get into bad trouble. Look at this. Brother, brother. Look what you have. Backboard If it breaks, the entire system is useless. This is Maine. If the cable is damaged, the entire system is down. This There is more conflict. As traffic increases, the notes The more devices are added to new gyms, the more Speed ​​will increase. Sorry, the speed will decrease. Right. Is there? Collusion will increase the problems caused Relatively complex transfer speed is slow. There are definitely easier things than this. No, it's not very fun, it's very fun, come on now. Ring topology The question is, does the server exist? No server, no server, low price server No, the price is low, it is a good feature, no, yes. I'm just writing down the good features here. Hey, look, there is no server, the price is low, the first question is There was no server, the price was low, the features were good. No server, low price, good features Among the good benefits, I wrote three. Number question: Was the speed low or high? Look, isn't everyone passing through a line? Yeah, isn't everyone passing a line? It means that not everyone is using a line. A data from device three to device one But he's going a long way in vain. That's why the speed is reduced here. Is it a problem if the speed is slow? You will get into trouble in Taran. The speed is low in question number three. Reply Tappid, which is a problem. The writing speed is slow, where is the writing? Here are four long, long, long lines. Number question: Does it clash or not? It doesn't happen here because the data is here. Flows in one direction, i.e. one-way Flows in a cyclical manner due to which Data from both sides is yours here. There is no conflict, everyone flows in the same direction. Everyone flows in one direction, it's a good thing. The answer to question number four is characteristic. We got a good answer because Question number five is a good characteristic. How easy was it to add new devices? There are many things that can't be easily added here. The problem is, the entire network is down. Here's what if it's a new device. You want to install it and the entire network will be down. It's gone, isn't it? It's a very bad thing. Features that come with a new device Can't easily add a new device Cannot be done to remove the entire addition The network itself remains idle. He's asking a question, the answer is bad. Then the remaining question is that the new device is added What a very bad story. The speed decreases further. That means the story is more Very, very bad. That's your node number. If the number of nodes increases, Transmission speed also decreases. Okay? This is a bad trait. Network Can it be easily expanded? No way. The device cannot be easily paired. Another one Bad characteristics. Adding it reduces speed. Goes. Another bad trait. Then The biggest feature. Not the biggest The number question. If a device is bad What happens? The entire system becomes useless. This is an even bigger bad trait. A device If it is damaged, the entire system becomes useless. Look, if one thing is broken, the whole thing is useless. Goes. If you take the exam, you will come in at number 4. What if the stimulation device breaks? Will it be? The entire system will be destroyed. Ball Do you understand? You just ask the questions. We will get the answers. What are the questions? Is there a server or not? Is the cost low or high? Is the speed low or high? Is there less or more conflict? Four questions. Then add a new device Can you do it, what happens to the story if you add it? How easily can the device be enlarged? Big What happens to the story if you do? Two more tasks. A tale of two. Another question, a waste. What happens then? Security. Sot This is another disadvantage of the ring topology. Security is also low. Because one data is available to everyone. Going. Security is low. Bus topology is One disadvantage is the low security. One DotA is going to everyone. Security is low. 10 Got the answer to the number question. Then Star topology. Very beautiful. Very simple. Here is the central switch or Is the server being used? Yes, it is. Here What? Like a star. Like a star Everything is connected. Here is the central Switching? Yes, it is. That's why it A little expensive. The switch is being used and that That's why it's expensive. That means the first two. What did we get from? The price is high. That means Is this a disadvantage or an advantage? This is a Difficulty. That means we are in trouble. What would you say? Expensive. A little expensive. Since there is a central server or switch It's a little expensive. The first two questions I got the answer. Question number three. Is the speed high or low? Look at the network. See. Everyone has their own path. Using. Will the speed be low or high? Of course it will be more. Because dedicated line use Doing it. Everyone is using their own line. That means the starting speed is higher. Isn't that right? The starter speed is a bit slow. More. Look where it is written? Data movement The speed is high. It is written in convenience. The question is whether or not it is? Brother, it doesn't happen here. Because what does the switch do? Filters data. After filtering, the jazz is sent to the jazz. So we are reading this. Hub and needle The difference is in. By filtering. Conflict It's better if there's no conflict. Look at the feature where it says no collisions. The chance of collision is low, so take a good look. In the properties I wrote then How many questions are there for number six and number five? New devices can be added very easily. Can be added, see, very easy to add Go ahead and connect it with the cable. It's the end. Easy to add means good. Features that can be added very easily Look, it's very easy to add, look. The network does not flow very easily. Good features can be added to good ones. I wrote it in convenience, then I wrote it in convenience. What happens when you add something? Speed ​​is decreasing or not increasing. Speed ​​is decreasing here. No. That means even if you add a new device The speed does not decrease. Because he is on his own line. Using. The speed does not decrease. That means it's No speed reduction. That means the number of notes Even though it increases, the transmission remains normal. This is a good feature. Right? Then how easily Can it be evolved? Evolve very easily Goes. Can be evolved very easily. Very easily Can be evolved. Writing, writing. But we I can write if I want. The story evolves What happens? There is no problem. That means I can easily write that too, conveniently. Number nine. What's the story if the device is broken? Is it? If it breaks, is the whole device broken? Does the network go down? No, it's not. No, no, no, no. Good features. One Even if the device is damaged, it remains fully functional. It is not ineffective. Number 10 Security More or less? Of course, security is higher. Because data filtering is happening here. That Because your own is going to yourself. That is why security is high. 10 questions You can find advantages and disadvantages through the answer. I can write them all. It's fun. This is just the beginning. Okay? That's it, that's it. Careful. That would be fun. Why take classes? Want to have fun? Why wouldn't the chapter be fun? Then what is mesh topology metaphysics? Each is connected to each other. Each is connected to each other. Her This means that there are a lot of wires here. Here His number is high. His number is high. Her How many are there actually? What is the note? Number? How many notes or how many computers? Based on that, here is your number. Measured. With everyone How many handshakes are there when you shake hands? Exactly like that. Each and every one How many wires does it take to connect? This. Okay, let's get into the features. The first thing is whether there is a server or not? No There is no server. The server is not here but Will the price be higher or lower? The price is high. Will be. Because it's more than that. So since it's higher, the price is a bit higher. That What would you write about your difficulties? The price is a little high. Where is the price? Where is the price? Would you say? Is the price written here? What is the price? I didn't write. But if we want, but one I can write about the features, which are good. The price will be in trouble, cost, cost, cost. This is how the cost increases, why do I get this? There will be no difficulties, there will definitely be What we are reading must have meaning. The price is high, okay, question number three, speed. More or less, everyone has their own personal The speed of the line being used will not be high. What does it mean to be more advantageous? Speed ​​more speed speed speed speed speed Speed ​​speed fast very fast speed very Can be exchanged at high speed Using a dedicated line Then question number four is there a conflict or not? It's not okay, brother, for our own sake, for our own sake. Road single road collision with whom There will be no collisions or there will be collisions between the data. I wonder if it's written somewhere. Where is it written? Where is it written? It would be better if there was no conflict. The features are not written, but if we want one I can write the property that there is no collision. Okay, the next feature is number five. Features How easy it is to add new devices Is it easy to add a new device? It's hard to tell me to add a new device. Is it easy or difficult here? Here is a new one. How many line connections are there when adding devices? It will be given with this, with this, with this. With this, with this, with this, with this This with this this with this how many of these It will take a lot of wires to connect the line. This means that adding a new device is not difficult. Adding a new device or a new Configuring the device is a bit complicated, isn't it? It means the network installation configuration. Even if connecting a new device is a bit complicated Doesn't have much effect on the network If we don't have an effect on the network If we increase the speed, it actually decreases, that means I understand this because everyone has their own line. Even though the network is being used, the speed is not the same. Actually, it's not less than nine numbers. The network remains operational if one device fails. Or does it become inactive and the network remains active? The network remains operational even if a device fails. Because his own line is broken, the others are. Everyone has a line with everyone. Can Paraito stay connected in Taran? If your own is damaged, there will be no problem with the network. No, question number 10 is security. Yes. Security is very high here because everyone Personal Line is using Personal Line Using. Just writing these things down makes them yours. Enough. If you write 10 characteristics, that's enough. That means every topology Could you please write down the features? To write Can. We have another one called mesh topology. Topology. We are coming into this. Before this Your biggest question answered first. Give. How would you write if it was actually an exam? Which one is actually good and which one is bad? This slide Just remember. Remember the hybrid. The best. Hybrid is best. The tree is basically a Hybrid. I will remember this. The tree is basically a Hybrid topology. A little worse than this It's mesh. Star is a little worse than this. The ring is a little worse than this. Sorry, bus. The worst is the ring. Now there's a little but here. Here's a little But there is. Pay attention. Here's a little But there is. We may be the best of all. I can write down the characteristics and bad characteristics. I can write down the advantages and disadvantages. Butt I can't say exactly what the mesh and Which of the stars is better? Exactly I can't say for sure. If I were here I'm writing, but I can't say exactly. Look. If anyone compares it to the ring, The most tested are the stars and rings. What is the difference between these two or which one is the best? Explain well. Which topology is better? Explain well. Star and Ring There are two characteristics. These two are actually eyes. Turn off your eyes and turn off your ring, it's the worst. Star is good. Okay, then what will be your approach? Sing the praises of the good, sing the praises of the good. The bad reputation of the Gaba world is its reputation. The rule is this: whoever you like Write down the advantages of what you are deciding on and whomever you want to You are being represented as bad. Write down the difficulties you are facing. Okay? The one you are calling bad is... Write down all the disadvantages of the bad. Then you I would say that the number one topology of Uddipak is Good. Because you have all the advantages. Explain. Now who is good and who is bad? You need to understand this first. Understandably so. You are a praiser, you are being bad. You can write down the characteristics. Writing There is no problem. Those 10 questions Do it. Good features Bad features We will get it. Now what I said about the ring Anyone's comparison. Anyone with the ring Be it a star, a bus, or a mesh, anyone can join. The ring is worse than anyone else's. Will make. Because the ring is the worst. For sure, it's absolutely sure, it's the most Bad is the worst with anyone The worst thing about Arre Banaba The best is with Essure, anyone. About the tree is the best banaba I haven't read the best one yet, for sure. The best is to be with anyone. The best thing about this relationship is that these three Sometimes, if you ask me which one is better, Aries or Sagittarius? Good in general mesh, a little bit better engineer Aries is a little better, and Star is also good. These There are actually some features in it. The feature is that the mesh is yours. Based on speed. On speed Mesh is best as a base. And these two If you have control over Is If it is based on control, then the star Good. If it is based on price then actually The bus is good. That means between Aries and Star. To compare who is better based on speed Good? The mesh is good. Then it's better to have a mesh. The characteristics are bad for the star. Write down the characteristics that are the basis of control. Good star is good then star is good The features and the disadvantages of mesh Write down the characteristics and in general if If they don't say anything, then this is what I'll follow. This is what I will follow. This is the sequence I will follow. These are actually all the questions on the test paper. It's okay to follow this sequence. This is what I hope everyone will follow. Clear, isn't it clear, everyone in general? This is what follows, who is better than whom? His good qualities are his bad qualities. You are right to explain the bad traits. Okay, now let's talk about why hybrids are the best. Because hybrid is what we use. In the hybrid, we combine all of them in March. It would be better to create a topology The more features I get, the more I get. When multiple topologies march together, When a topology is formed, it is called a Hybrid topology is a hybrid topology. Topology is hybrid, you are good. The features are very easy to get. Get the features, hybrids will come. No. Here your topology is a Hybrid topology. It's basically a bus. And a star topology And a star topology. These two The combination creates your being T topology. How is it? What is a bus topology? Not like that. See? Here is a node, here is a node, Here is a node. This is a coaxial cable. Or a backbone. To see another star How is it? This is what it's like to see a star. One This is what it's like to see a star. To see a star It's happening like this. So look at a bus and a What do these two stars together form? A bus and a star together make one. T is forming a topology. Now this topology How are good traits and bad traits Will you write? Good features of the bus and your The good qualities of a star are combined into a tree. Its good features. Bus is bad again. Characteristics and bad characteristics of stars The two together are bad for your tree. Features. If possible, the previous two together. I can write like this. Okay? And if the test Who is better than whom? What will you do? Simply follow this thread. Follow that Good is good, good is good. That's bad. Bad quality Gabba. Write down his bad qualities. We know how to write characteristics. Fun I study topology. This is pretty much ours. Every topic in the chapter is clear. One There is a small topic. Cloud computing. Cloud Computing doesn't really come to us that much. There is a definition from here. So Cloud What is computing basically? A concept. Think. Your computer on your device Nothing is happening. You are distant. Remote access to the Internet through the Internet When you are using a computer, it is called Cloud computing. Like when you are a big Big Artificial Intelligence or Deep Learning or machine learning or research What work do you do when you have your own computer? Actually, this program cannot be run. What to do then? Google has services. Google Collapse for Google Researchers There is a place where you can be yourself. I can run the program. Although or that The computer is not at your home. That means What is the definition of cloud computing? That Remote computer through the Internet With access to a computer, Doing a job is called cloud computing. That means cloud computing means the computer It's in a cloud. It's in the clouds. So that's the thing. It's happening like this. That your computer is yours. Physically not at your home. One It is in a remote place. So far away You can use it from anywhere. Cloud What are the characteristics of committing? The resource You can scale easily. Easily grown We can do it. If you want to do great things, Can. You need 15 GB today. Tomorrow It took two terabytes. But you are very easy. You can buy it from Google. On Demand will give it to you when you want it. Page You Go is as much as you use. You have to pay the money. So these three Features to remember: Cloud Computing. One is the resource. Ability. We can make it as big as we want. On Demand. He will be there for you whenever you want. Will give. Today you go to Google. It will take you two TB of storage. Pay Edge will give you as much as you use. You have to pay for all these things. What are the features of cloud computing? Then there are a few things happening. Platform Edge Services is an infrastructure Yours is an infrastructure service. Another one is software service from here. It doesn't take much, just remember this. That you are a service from a company If you are taking the full package, Take it as a service, that's it. Software as a Service. You are just nothing. You didn't take it. You don't know anything, just the product. You got it. Such as Google Forms, Google Docs. But you don't know any coding here. But even then you make a form. You can. To create an Excel sheet You can. Isn't that right? Create a website You could have thrown it away. Google website or Google With the site. Do you know any coding? No. These are called software services. These are called software services. Okay? Where you don't need to provide coding. Butt You could have made something. Again The platform is becoming a little more than that. Service. Where you can code. But maybe some things from that platform You are taking. Like you from Google Are you buying storage, are you buying a server? It is a platform service. And You are the infrastructure service. You make everything yourself. Infrastructure services It's like you're making everything yourself. Yours You are hosting a server in your own home. All You are doing it yourself. It won't be needed though. We were studying this chapter. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloud communities? We We can easily increase resources, scale I can do a business. Then whatever I can use that much tea. On Demand We are as easy as we want. I will get it. Okay? Less data loss. This All the things. But there is a problem with data theft. It could be. So, if you read these a little, Once you see the slide, it will be yours. Comes No, these. Okay? I hope this chapter Every topic is clear to you. Absolutely. I can make it clear like water. So We'll see what comes out of the board now. I I won't do it just to get your points. I'll just give you a hint, I'll show you ICT in class. Teacher is a character by character You said, is this an asynchronous character? We are reading by character asynchronously. So not asynchronous method transmission Monir was discussing ICT sir. Block by block means synchronous. Discussing Asynchronous Synchronous I was saying, "Let's open the exam and see if the police come." Dhaka Board 2024 is OK in Translay Discuss the differences or skills, brother. His math is asking to discuss skills. There was one to do, it was 8 or 11. Being 80 or 84 to discuss skills You will have to appear in the form of Math, right? Yes, and Sadia transmits at the speed of light. Just discussing a medium. That means fiber optics or fiber cable. You're discussing fiber optics, right? OK, what number is the question, client server? What is a network where clients reside? The server is the network on which the client and He is said to be bound to the server. Client Server Network Mobile Phone Or why are mobile phone cells rectangular in shape? This is actually a very basic question. That Because somewhere in your book, you mean Nowhere. Common sense question. If you It is triangular, triangular in shape. So two networks or two The coverage area of ​​the tower is this area. A gap is created in between. Sarvhuj If it is shaped, empty gaps are not created. That is why the shape of the sarvoj is formed. You are testing. If it is a spherical shape like this, then it means benzene or Many. Which of the following is found in benzene? There is no empty gap. There is no empty gap. Okay? There are no empty gaps between the towers. Just showing Diba Sadia's language International Cable Structure Bhai Cable Structure The structure of optical fiber is exactly like water. I've cleared it, but can everyone do it later? Dhaka Board 204 Another Question Network One hybrid network bus and two rings What were the two networks that merged together? Was there a network or was there a ring? I'm saying. What you will see during the exam is coming from the stars and See the difference between the rings. Explain what network one is saying to two. And which of the three would you say is better? Better Star Better Ring Worst Write down the good qualities of the star, or the ring. Bad special write number option right Explain the topology of the number one stimulus. Number one is a hybrid network or A hybrid topology Hybrid topology Can you write the advantages and disadvantages of the bus? Benefits and advantages together are advantages The bus problem and the ring problem are another Difficulty is OK. This place has a factor that is a If your device breaks, you will be understood. It should be written that if the device is broken, the whole thing is broken. There will be only a little bit of it, but it will continue to run. The part of the ring will be damaged. We are in the ring. If the thing I'm reading is broken, the whole thing The ring is broken, so what can you do with the switch? Right, many devices are connected and The data filling socket is called the needle protocol. What do you mean by "shunisan kanban" (strict rules and regulations), brother? I can do everything, Rajshir 2024 I am a teacher Give an idea of ​​a topology where The central device is connected and Data from a specific device is sent to another one the next day. Where they are interconnected with the topology Tell me which one is this, this is May, each other. Connected means mesh and in this place The central switch is the central device. If there is a central device, it means that Star is a two-way topology, right? Two-way topology, right? Otherwise, what are the two topologies of cloud computing? that through the Internet, a remote When we receive computer services Then that service is called cloud. Computing Internet dynamics machine learning Explain and write that it depends on the medium. Why does speed depend on the medium? This is how a single unit will move. Normal So your Louis just has some kind of speed? Februs explains this thing in another way. The medium on which Karba depends here Explain the functions of a stimulating device. Is the device a switch? What are the functions of a switch? Filters and sends to everyone Which of the two would you consider more convenient? Which is more favorable, Aries or Sagittarius? It is more convenient to use mesh and star. Write down these bad traits clearly for everyone. What's next, you say, "Here it is." A koala only because there is a copper inside. There's copper, then there's a copper mash. There is a mash here, here is the cladding. That means it's a core cladding. What is a fiber optic cable gateway? What is a gateway? Do you remember what the gateway is? Do you remember what the gateway is? A network with two different IP addresses Connecting Gateway Mobile together Netkey sync method widely used Explain the sync method. Explain the structure of a cable in a stimulus. Explanation: Structure and properties of coral cable Explain which one is farther away. Good brother, fiber is good, what is the difference between them? I have taught you a lot, I have taught you a lot. There is no calculation in reading, there is a calculation, they said. There is a dish wire in the language. Koala cable, it's a cable, okay, Tuhin. A kind of networking for Millie The importance of cables is the transfer of data at the speed of light. Is bandwidth a block or a packet? Data is transferred in the form of millie. Explain the mode in Milli's language TV TV Television Television mode Which television Which mode would tell the television data? The distribution mode is broadcast. Data The distribution mode is broadcast. And The transmission mode is simplex. This I will explain both here. And the light It transfers at your speed. Explain the importance of networking. It means structure. Explain the structure of fiber optics Do it. Children's things. Then this. One The number is ring. Bus number two. Number three is tree. Two of the stimulants And which of the three is better? From the bus Of course it's good. The best. One's topology Which one? One topology is a ring topology. Very easy to explain client server Explain what a network is and what a hub is. I was talking about the difference between the switch and the eyes off. I'll do the test and see if it comes out. You haven't seen it and if you see some MSCW You can pass the M.Sc. exams very easily. What does bandwidth depend on? Band depends on the medium. Memory What is the unit of measurement for a single bit of memory? 32 kilobits per second within the channel What is the bandwidth divided by 32 when transferring? Manech a 32 so not tarane kilobit per second Kilobit per second per kilobit Per second because there are KB here HD How many bands for video conferencing? This is an important question. Which is why this chart in the book gives you a little You have to memorize it, it's actually very easy HD I'll keep in mind four Mbps for movies. HD movie HD is four HDs If you talk, watch four HD If you talk, watch four HD gaming is a four-player game, no matter what HD is being talked about. And for normal video conferences, you have one. Mbps is just what you need in your mind. Just keep it and you won't need anything else. Web I think 0.5 is needed for browsing. Just keep it and remember that HD means four. You only need four Mbps. How many Mbps are there in Mbps? Second then head of data communications How many mediums would you say are two? One is his medium. The medium without him will dance. Which of the following would you say? I mean, is it Thinet or Thicket? 500 What does it mean when a meter can go? This is thicknet, this is thick wire, this is it. Thicknet. This is Thicknet. Which of the following? Non-metallic cable fiber optics. Reason It is made of glass. Then the weather Which one would you say would work to avoid the situation? Terrestrial or satellite? Satellite microwave or satellite It's the weather, it's your weather. Works on inspection. What else? Then Answer the MCQs. A college teacher He connected all the computers in the lab. Put it together and you'll see what it's actually forming. What are the characteristics of cables in network use? Would you say? Patch cable Patch cable Twisted features transmit over 100 meters Can't be done Yes Band 100 No Number three has even less bandwidth. The answer is three, minus one and two. Pair or four pairs, it also means one number. Not even one number is right, just two. The number is correct. The bandwidth is 100. It could be from Mbps to one Gbps. This could mean missing one number. We can understand that these two numbers I don't know the correct number three, sure or not. Two or three answers are okay. We answer like this, we answer like this. Number one minus number two, yes. Since it's not an option, it means two and three. The answer is okay, but we need to remember it. There's no need, that's why you don't feel like studying. There's no need to keep it, you can do it now. Which one is used instead of a hub? Switch? Which one has no intelligence inside it, Hub means There is no intelligence in the chatter. How many lanes can be created with a switch? How many lanes or local areas with a switch? Networks can be created using a switch. How many local area networks can be created? What does local area network mean? A local area network refers to a You connect the computers and create a You are creating a network. With a lawn in Taran A local area network can be created. Because many computers are connected together You can do it. Who amplifies the weak song? Would you say? It also makes routers and switches. Butt The appropriate answer is router. The appropriate answer is router. Because he/she Dedicatedly excludes the weak. In which topology is each computer connected to What would you say about cooperation? The mesh says that How many wires will there be for 12 nodes? 12 12 seats 12 seats How does it calculate? 12 seats are calculated like this: 12 Factorial divided by 12 minus Factorial Divided by Factorial. That means it comes up being 12e 11e 12e 11 And below it goes 10 cuts. That means 6 * 11 all these 6 * 11 are yours. All of this is connected to your 66 wires. That means you need 66 as your number. The formula for C is that it is OK N CR. The formula for this is that n is a factorial. Divided by R factorial E N minus R factorial Okay, this is the modem's formula. The job is to send data and store data. Accept, save, send his work and His work is being accepted in Tarane One and Three. Is his work okay? What is the last slide? Prepaid mobile phone system of the generation It was launched in what year, I would say, the second generation? Here prepaid three has been paid. Internet Protocol-based IP address Based on the fourth generation, the fourth Prof. It seems to be okay in the fifth generation, I hope. Chapter Two: We are like water. I can clear it, everyone's right. Clear, clear, as clear as water. I can do it if it's clear to me. Be sure to tell me in the comments which brother is number two. You are clearing the chapter very nicely. Thank you again. Okay? Yours I actually feel good about myself when I see the comments. And of course, a little college with friends. This one-shot playlist in the group is a bit Please share. Because it's a one-shot. It takes a lot of effort to do it. Believe me. As much as you can afford to take a class. More The photo goes in one shot. A little college group Please share a little. Please, this is from me. Request from you. Okay? There is no duty. From me to you I give. What are you giving me from you? Please share a little. It's just. I want from you. On your college route or Even if you comment on a comment, it's You mean a little bit to get rich in video? Will help. Can you make a comment? Atlist. Okay? And you have one. Announcement, that's my admission. Batch. That is for AC 25 batch. Full Physics Admission Batch. Which I am. I will run. Only I am alone. Last year this There were about 1100 people in the admission batch. How many? About 1100 people were involved. Whose Many were varsity plus GST last year That means engineering was not included. Many people have a chance at Varsity GST due to this reason. I got it, I didn't even calculate the number. I didn't tell anyone, I didn't give any form, but I What I see in the group is that everyone's comments are now public. Many of my friends also get the chance to take that course in the group. Okay, inshallah, from this course. We are doing our best better than before. You can see that I will take the admission preparation. Engineering and varsity at the same time GST will cover everything. Can you tell me now, brother? How about in one course? Will you cover it? We will have a layer of course. Two. First layer And layer number two. In the first layer, we are mainly for the university. Varsity Group and for this segment Explain everything as much as is necessary. I will. That will be the class and the second For our engineering in layers We will read. So those who are only university students Prepare yourselves for the first layer. After completing the classes, the second layer You don't have to do all the classes. You are more We will have time to practice. And those who Will you study engineering with me? Do the second layer classes. And me I guarantee the classes in this course. You will finish first. Okay? Everyone First, compactly. Very compactly Your classes for this course will be over. Absolutely. In a compact way. Those who read to me You've got a rough idea of ​​how much. Read in a compact way. So very neat. You will be able to complete this course in shape. And for admission to this course you There is an offer, there is a discount. I'll tell you a little about the discount. Okay? The discount will be your HSC. The day when HSC will not start Until. Until the day HSC starts, absolutely. You can join in with the minimum prize. I'm keeping it for those who are my favorites. Are you a student? I mean, my classes are regular. Do it and ask me for admission. So Keep this offer for them. Absolutely. You can join this conversation for 500 taka. You can. 17 people have already joined. Announcing yesterday. So, a little bit more involved. That's very quick. Because this 500 rupees The offer will be valid until the start of the AEC exam. Until the first day. This is basically a part of the course. No promo code or any discount. This Basically, those who like me are my class. Do you like to do it? Those who are absolutely sure of me I'll be studying admission physics soon. They should It may already be connected. To them As if filtering out one benefit at a time I can give it to you, but at this very beginning. Giving the discount or the initial price Keeping them down is an extra. Those who are with me to provide benefits Connected people who like my classes are right. Yes, I hope you can join. One short solution to Physics for you This means this course will be a one-stop solution. I know everything I know about admissions physics. As much as Rajshahi University Dhaka I got a chance at university and BUET. Just as much as everything is yours. I will tell you and absolutely. I will tell you how much based on the type. Need. Many people don't take the same preparation. Don't take extra things in your luggage. Yes. Okay? Packed into a very compact size I will finish your physics in shape. Those who want to join, that means join. Go ahead. Until the day before this start The offer will remain. That means you are connected for 500 taka. It can be done. Then maybe the price will be higher. It won't be the same. Get involved. Inshallah No more thinking for physics It won't happen. And be well. Thank you everyone. Thank you for paying attention to the class for so long. For. And this is God Hafez. See you later. Inshallah, in another class. And Tell me in the comments which other chapter it is. Go quickly. The