Module 9: Applications in Operant Conditioning

Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

• ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis): A field focusing on the applications of operant conditioning.
• Focus Areas: Education, animal behavior, organizational behavior management.

Applications in Education

Personalized Systems of Instruction (Keller Plan)

• Origin: Based on Fred Keller's work (1968).
• Key Elements:
  • Self-paced learning.
  • Unit perfection requirement (100% mastery before advancing).
  • Based on written material.

Direct Instruction

• Specific Term: Capitalized 'Direct Instruction' refers to a precise teaching method.
• Characteristics:
  • Scripted lessons.
  • Faultless learning (eliminates learner mistakes).
  • Highly effective (e.g., Project Follow-Through).

Precision Teaching

• Developed by: Ogden Linsley, student of Skinner.
• Focus: Frequency and speed of response (e.g., words per minute).
• Study Example: Sacajawea Project significantly improved academic performance.

Applications in Animal Behavior

• Reintroduction Programs: For species typical behavior, e.g., otters using slides.
• Socialization Programs: E.g., gorilla reintroduction to social environments.
• Handling and Performance:
  • Clicker training was initially for animals but also applied to humans.
  • Horse trailer training using clicker method.

Examples of Animal Behavior Modification

• Self-Injurious Behavior in Baboons:
  • Analysis of lip-biting behavior.
  • Attention identified as a reinforcer.
  • Introduction of lip-smacking behavior as an alternative.

Organizational Behavior Management (OBM)

• Principles:
  • Performance analysis (measure and manipulate behavior).
  • Specificity (measurable, observable, objective terms).
  • Measurement and feedback (self-correction).
  • Positive consequences (immediate and contingent).
• Organizations Using OBM:
  • Boeing, Coke, Google.
  • Firms like Aubrey Daniels International and Six Boxes.

Videos and Case Studies

• Aubrey Daniels International (ADI): Transforming workplace environments.
• Six Boxes: Coaching staff with focus on accomplishments.

Conclusion

• Further reading recommended on operant behavior applications.