Mental Dental Lecture: Basic Dental Terminology

Introduction

• Speaker: Dr. Ryan
• Purpose: Updated video on basic dental terminology
• Audience: Dental students, pre-dental students, dental hygiene students, dental patients

Anatomy of the Mouth

• Lips: Outer border
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Palate:
  • Hard Palate: Front, with underlying bone
  • Soft Palate: Back, with uvula
• Tonsils: Part of the immune system

Tooth Structure and Types

• Dental Arches:
  • Upper Arch (Maxillary)
  • Lower Arch (Mandibular)
• Types of Teeth:
  • Incisors: 4 per arch, used for slicing food
  • Canines: 2 per arch, used for tearing food
  • Premolars: 2 per quadrant, used for tearing and grinding
  • Molars: 3 per quadrant, used for grinding
  • Wisdom Teeth: Third molars, often missing

Baby Teeth (Primary Dentition)

• Total: 20
• Types: Incisors, canines, molars
• No premolars
• Eruption: Begins around 6 months
• Exfoliation: By age 12

Adult Teeth (Permanent Dentition)

• Total: 32
• Eruption: Begins around age 6

Tooth Numbering Systems

• Universal System (US): Numbers 1 to 32
• Palmer Notation: Uses quadrants and symbols
• FDI System: Two-digit notation, common worldwide

Tooth Surfaces

• Crown and Root: Crown above gums, root below
• Surfaces of the Crown:
  • Facial/ Labial/Buccal: Front
  • Lingual/Palatal: Back
  • Mesial: Closest to midline
  • Distal: Furthest from midline
  • Occlusal/Incisal: Chewing surface

Layers of the Teeth

• Enamel: Hardest tissue, calcium-rich
• Dentin: Underneath enamel
• Pulp: Soft tissue, contains nerves and blood vessels
• Gingiva (Gums)
• Alveolar Bone: Houses teeth roots
• Cementum: Covers root
• Periodontal Ligament: Connects tooth to bone

Dental Diseases

• Caries: Tooth decay from bacteria and sugar
• Gum Disease:
  • Gingivitis: Inflammation of gums, reversible
  • Periodontitis: Severe gum infection, irreversible

Dental Treatment Terminology

• Restoration: Repairing/replacing teeth
• Amalgam: Metal filling
• Composite: Tooth-colored filling
• Bonding: Attaching filling material
• Sealant: Prevents carries
• Crown: Covers tooth
• Bridge: Replaces missing teeth
• Denture: Removable teeth replacement
• Implant: Inserted into jaw bone
• Extraction: Removal of tooth
• Root Canal Treatment: Treats infected nerves
• Veneer: Covers tooth for aesthetics
• Scaling and Root Planing: Removes plaque and bacteria

Dental Specialties

• Anesthesiology
• Dental Public Health
• Endodontics
• Oral Medicine, Pathology, and Radiology
• Oral Surgery
• Orofacial Pain
• Orthodontics
• Pediatric Dentistry
• Periodontics
• Prosthodontics

Miscellaneous Dental Terms

• Abrasion: Wear from brushing
• Bitewing: Type of X-ray
• Bruxism: Teeth grinding
• Calculus (Tartar): Hardened plaque
• Cusp: Point on tooth
• Dry Socket: Pain post-extraction
• Erosion: Acid wear on enamel
• Impacted Tooth: Blocked eruption
• Malocclusion: Misaligned bite
• Occlusal Guard: Protects teeth
• Periodontal Pocket: Deep gum area
• Retainer: Maintains teeth position
• Sublingual: Under the tongue
• TMJ: Joint connecting jaw to skull
• TMD: Dysfunction of TMJ
• Xerostomia: Dry mouth

Conclusion

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