Lecture Notes on Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Introduction to AI

• AI Usage Increase: Studies show AI usage increased by over 270% in the last 4 years.
• AI in Reality: AI is transforming industries, from enhancing customer experiences to revolutionizing healthcare.
• Purpose of this Episode: Understanding what artificial intelligence is and its importance today.

Understanding Artificial Intelligence Through Analogy

• Teaching Example with Babies:
  • First Baby: Taught using rules/descriptors (e.g., a car has four wheels, windows, a steering wheel).
  • Limitations: Difficult for the baby to distinguish between a car and similar vehicles like trucks.
  • Second Baby: Learns through visual examples - shown many images, learns to identify a car.
  • Conclusion: Like the second baby, AI learns from data and images, making it capable of recognizing patterns.

Definition of Artificial Intelligence

• Simple Definition: AI simulates human intelligence in machines.
• Capabilities: Can perform tasks requiring human intelligence, such as:
  • Speech recognition
  • Decision making
  • Language understanding
• ChatGPT Example: Interacts like a human with natural responses.

Components of AI

1. Data: Foundation of AI; raw information used to train models.
2. Model: Set of algorithms that process data to identify patterns and make predictions.
3. Training: Adjusting parameters to minimize errors while learning from data.
4. Inference: Making predictions or decisions based on new data.

Subsets of AI

• Machine Learning (ML): Systems that learn from data and improve performance without explicit programming.
  • Examples: Netflix and Amazon recommendation systems.
• Deep Learning (DL): A type of ML utilizing deep neural networks; effective in image and speech recognition.
  • Applications: Technologies powering self-driving cars.
• Generative AI: Models that create new content (text, images, music).
  • Examples: ChatGPT for text, DALL·E for image generation.

AI Applications Across Industries

• Industries Utilizing AI:
  • Healthcare: Diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes.
  • Finance: Risk assessment, fraud detection.
  • Transportation: Optimizing logistics and self-driving technology.

Investment in AI

• Big Tech Investments: Companies like Microsoft, Samsung, Apple, and Nvidia are heavily investing in AI.
  • Notable Investment: Microsoft invested $2.9 billion in AI for Japan.

Conclusion

• Future of AI: AI is a significant future driver, attracting major investments from tech companies.
• Next Episode Preview: History of AI and introduction to Alan Turing, creator of the Turing Test, regarded as the father of AI.