[Music] hello guys welcome to learn extra live we are on grade 11 life science with Luellen how are you Luellen right in yourself I'm great thank you please tell us what we'll be doing today well first of all we're going to do cellular respiration but I'm sure you've seen there's a lot less of me yes there's a lot less of you I don't it's too bad I think I can make it a normal hair I think so I think you should stay like this always for the rest of the year oh no no no no there a reason for it well the reason why I'm like this I thought I'd share it with you people is is one of my school boys has got leukemia it was found out the other day so uh what we did was uh all the boys at school and and that all got together and uh we shaved our heads and we to to have a shave you got to SP paid 20 bucks and we went along and if they reached a certain amount a educator would shave their heads and if they reach a little bit more then two female staff shaved their heads so um we went quite nice and low and I'm very proud of my boy so and I hope that um he comes right you know that's awesome hey hope for the best definitely thank you Lan so guys as you know you already know we are such an awesome show so from us today there will be 30 minutes extra added on to the great 12 life s show did you hear me right yes from 7 to 7:30 we will have an after Earth special guys I hope that you guys can all join us you and your family members as I said to the great T your aunts your uncles your mothers your sisters your dogs your kittens your chickens your leopards if you have leopards your Jaguar whatever animal is in that after Earth bring it along with you so that you can watch After Earth well our After Earth special because we will be having lessons guys awesome lessons that are taken from the show we will be going through them as well as a live feed from MacMillan guys they're having this awesome launch as we speak they're going to be having a launch to launch their digital ebook range and we will be chatting to one of the awesome MacMillan people of course thank you McMillan for sponsoring this show right now right here but at 7 to 7:30 I need you guys there guys you guys really really need to join us for now for now you guys can jump on to Facebook and on Facebook you'll be able to see that I've posted a lot of information for you guys on After Earth on the 7 to 7:30 part on how you can enter the awesome competition that you can win two tickets to go see After Earth you can go with me you can go with the shaven headed lellan you can choose who you want to go with cuz we are awesome and we are ready and steady for you guys so grab those pens grab anything that you need I will be updating you throughout the show join us on Facebook facebook.com/ loan extra for any information or to post any questions that you need okay hope you got that all over to you L look at his way W that's a lot I know just for the record do not think that this is only for grade 12 yes okay this movie helps you understand things that we teach in grade 11 and grade 10 and grade 12 so you know what guys you will be learning something but outside of a classroom and it's not boring how cool is that it's in a movie and it's fun and it has wol Smith and jayen Smith what more do we need I quit he's a very good actor it's not that good right cellular respiration now we've been doing um nutrition and all of that right now it's all cool to get it into your body but now what do we do from there now cellular respiration a lot of people think that it's this it's not right this means cellular means deep down inside every cell right and respiration is how we make energy okay so this is how we take food and make our energy and our food we want glucose can you remember that okay so let's have a look what are we going to look at today first of first of all we're going to have a look at the definitions of cellular res respiration okay simple easy it's very easy to get hold of it so you don't have to stress okay we're going to Define aerobic respiration aerobic respiration just remember air very important aerobic respiration okay we're going to explain the role of glycolysis okay now glycolysis is very important okay that is the primary part where we start making things right we start making energy okay then we're going to have a look at the crep cycle yes and we're going to have a look at oxidative phosphorilation okay having a look at those things now this whole system here if I look at it this one uh the crep cycle and oxidative phosphorilation right those there are aerobic where is it aerobic respiration very important okay now to speed it up I'm going to use a GL right GL for glycolysis I'm going to use a k for the creb cycle and I'm going to use oxidated let's say op right oxidative phosphorilation just to abbreviate it and you guys understand what's going on right okay let's have a look at it the definition of anerobic respiration now can you remember the first one was where is it there aerobic respiration we need air so oxygen okay anerobic we don't okay just putting it out there next thing we're going to explain alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation so when you're doing sports ladies and gents right and you get stiff and all of that and everybody says a you got lactic acid in the muscles I'm going to explain that to you right okay so and we we're going to look at the role how anerobic respiration gets used in Industries okay so if we look at I'm just going to give you a clue alcohol right it's always the worst and lastly we're going to do some practicals that you have to know right I didn't do the practicals because we're using La animals and um it takes a long time to get the P practicals going right so let's start it off nice and easy the definition of cellular respiration now guys this can be more complex I've made it into a nice simple simple form okay so let's have a look at it it's the chem it's a simply put chemical energy if I get my pen right chemical energy is transferred to ATP now remember ATP I'm always talking about ATP that is where we get our energy from right and the chemicals we're talking about is very simple it's called glucose okay remember when we stick food in our mouth and all of that we had a look at your starches and uh your your carbohydrates and remember it makes it into a sugar which is glucose that's what we're looking for proteins go to the muscles this is the food this is where we get our energy glucose and um well start and carbohydrates okay so that's why people say you mustn't eat so much of it cuz you're going to get fat if you don't do exercises okay there we go and the ATP molecules provide energy as a simple for the process of all the cells nice and easy that is the definition of cellular respiration Okay then if I bring this down this whole system this making of energy happens in the mitochondria now when you were much younger and all the younger Sub sub you always knew about the mitochondria being the PowerHouse of the cell can you remember that I can remember that it's nice and easy you should remember that Powerhouse of the cell the one that goes through photosynthesis is can you remember I can chloroplasts right nice and easy this one is very important okay this is the PowerHouse of the cell and if I have a look at it you'll see two membranes okay you'll get the outer membrane which is let's say that no let's get a nicer color here uh bit of a pink if I can find it there it is bit of pink there's the outer membrane and there's an inner membrane that has folds in it okay the inner membrane that has folds this is where stuff's going to happen Okay that inner membrane is called your Christi Christa sorry your Christa okay and inside so this area here okay I'm going to leave for you guys to answer it cuz I know I haven't put it anywhere so please send an uh on Facebook it is Facebook s on Facebook I want to know the uh the answer to that and I'll be waiting for the answer that's it so I'm not going to give it until we get to the end and no one gets it and then I'll give it to you right okay so that is very important now a micrometer can you see it says underneath here micrometer okay you guys should know M micrometer quite easily okay a micrometer how do you display micrometers remember millimeters is 2 M's and kilometers is KM right micrometers very simple it looks like a p first right and then it's got meter yes the only problem is it's not going to be PM is it okay so I'll show you how we actually do it what you do is if I get the Eraser and I do that and I take that piece out can you see it that is called your micrometer that's how they display it it looks like a half P mixture with an M okay that's a m micrometer okay you don't don't forget it let's go into the Crux of the matter now and we start looking it aerobic respiration okay now you get your anerobic and you get your aerobic okay aerobic gives us lot more energy anerobic doesn't Okay anerobic normally happens when you do the best way I normally explain it is anerobic is doing a 100 m Sprints or 50 m Sprints you don't need to breathe okay if you doing the comrades you go through aerobic respiration which means you need air so while they making energy to make this energy you have to do the most important thing are you watching I'm going to show you I can see you moving with me there right You' got to breathe you need the oxygen it's very important right so this whole system has got to do with oxygen okay so let's have a look at it we need to make atps as it says as many atps as possible the more atps we have the more energy we've got okay so this whole concept is very simple let's bring it down we have this simple little molecule okay C6 h126 you have to know that one C6 h126 and that there is a glucose molecule so if we start off here we take in a glucose molecule right the starch the carbohydrates the nor sugar the sweets the all of those things right the glucose molecule right we also need to take in this O2 molecule which is oxygen okay and from there now we need to go to an aerobic respiration so the enzymes and all of that aerobic respiration and what do we have at the end what do we breathe out cat what do we breathe out carbon dioxide there we go carbon dioxide okay what do we drink water water now if you have a look at it if you go to your mother's um mirror and don't tell her I told you this and you go what can you do on it you can draw funny little p right now that there is moisture and that is water so we give off water we give off carbon dioxide and at the end of this whole process this is very important we end off with 38 atps that is a lot of energy a lot and I want you to remember 38 because when it comes to the anerobic it's not as much there actually only is two which is a big difference do you get where I'm coming from okay so that is the whole sum that you need and if you have a look at it it's actually a balanced equation okay now balanced equation means you've got these other numbers in front it means if I've put in uh six well actually yeah 12 H hydrogen it's got to be if I put in 12 hydrogen here there'll be 12 hydrogen there can can you get where I'm coming from it's just a balance okay now I'm going to try and go through this because this is one of my favorite sections okay this is one of my favorite sections and that means that I'm going to try and explain it to you as much as possible and also remember that I'm going to most importantly I'm going to show you some stuff and for me to make you understand it I'm going to add in a little bit more right and I'm going to tell you if it's not used or you don't have to use it but it'll make you understand better right so please stick with me let's start off with it okay this here there are three stages in aerobic respiration three stages they work with each other okay the respiration namely glycolysis the creb cycle and oxidative f phosphorilation those are the three okay now you must understand without the one you can't have the other okay the most important one of course is the glycolysis you need that and once you have that stuff and you have oxygen you can move on to the next section once you've moved on to the next section you can move on to the next section you with me okay so something to remember if you have oxygen you can carry on going if if you don't have oxygen we need to stop at a certain point okay so what I'm going to do I'm not going to get into the Crux of it because if I get into the Crux of it I'm going to lose you as soon as we go to a break so what I need is I need need you to get up nice big stretch right cuz you're going to get ready get that brain working I don't have hair anymore but get the brain working and let it go strong right and uh when I come back you need to have your thinking caps on because we're going to bring it like never before awesome stuff cool thank you for that while you guys W while you guys are stretching and moving your heads around even if you have no hair what you should do is just stay in the room so that you guys can watch the after clip guys we'll be playing it for you during the break so maybe don't go too far just stay and do your stretches right in front of the TV so that you don't miss out and I'll be telling you more about it after the break see you just now [Music] I hope you guys really enjoyed that clip I really really cannot wait to see Will Smith and jayen Smith in that after Earth movie of course I can't wait because it's educational but also because they happen to be my favorite actors right now because I've been seeing them so much on the show so I hope that you guys are ready and steady to enter the competition I'm supposed to give you the Cod road now right so you need me to give you the code word so that you guys can run over to www.le extra. co. zaa Earth now the code word is going to be posted on Facebook right after I've said it but listen closely for it cuz the code word is fossils guys it's fossils so make sure that when you enter you type in the code word so that you can stand a chance to win double tickets to go see After Earth with Will Smith and Jaden Smith and of course I want to remind you guys to join us from 7: to 7:30 today because there will be an After Earth special so make sure that you're doing that guys please please please jump over to Facebook right now because there's going to be much more posted on the page of course the the competition closes at 12:00 a.m. midnight but also today I will be announcing a winner for grade 11s so make sure that you're tuned in right till the end of the show because the winner will be announced at the end of the show so don't go anywhere guys you know here we learn more and we learn extra and we do much more fun things than you guys think we do I know you guys already say learn extra is so much fun but we try to make it more fun every day over to you Len she forgot to me the most important thing out um I asked a question oh yes and I got some answers and wow it's good come let me tell me cat what is it okay I'm telling you the answer the first person who actually answered on my Facebook page is Boo Boo and her answer do you want to hear her answer I want to hear her answer her answer please repeat the question actually so the question was okay the mitochondria has two membranes okay the inner membrane is the cista what do we find inside the crystal what is that part called okay and what did boa Say Bo said Matrix very nice that's what it is it's the Matrix right I'm sure you've watched it Keo Reeves and all of those Brothers right that the Matrix it means there's something weird stuff going in there but right so now we're going to start the first part we're going to go through is glycolysis now glycolysis the main point of glycolysis right is to make two things right first of all we need hydrogen and second of all we need pyruvic acid so I'm going to show you here it's an energy-rich hydrogen and pyic acid now we can read all day but I need to show you the stuff because if I show you we're going to get somewhere right so what I've done is I'm going to cheat I'm going to go all the way down and I'm not going to show you any of that and I'm going to give it to you first of all we go to glucose right so if I've got your normal glucose molecule go right or I can write it C6 h126 right I've got the glucose molecule now when glucose is taken in by us which is very important okay we need to break it down glucose is pointless if we can't get the energy it's giving us you get what I'm trying to say so the first thing we need to do is we need to break it down into a little bit more um let's say simple sugar okay now you don't need to know these sugars names but it's a better that this one I think it's a good idea if you know it okay so we're going to break glucose right missing my L can you believe it glucose we're going to break down into fructose so I'm going to break it down how do I break it down if I want to break down a wall this is the way you remember this if I have to break down a wall I need to use energy okay now you all know if I'm not mistaken what ATP is okay it's a Denison triphosphate and that is where we get our energy from that's how we store our energy so to break this we actually need to use energy so we're going to take a TP right we're going to take that and we're going to put it back to what it used to be can you remember how that is so if we take ATP and we move it back we're going to get a d p and then it's in D phosphate phosphate plus an extra phosphate which we know because that's three phosphates it's only two plus one's given off the energy that's inside the bond between the two phosphates that's the energy we need okay you're happy with that now to break this we need two atps two atps which means we're going to make two adps you happy with that it's not that difficult right C are you following me I'm following you as long as you're following me and I haven't lost you then I know the people on that side of the camera is like phenomen besides they let us know when you've lost them and they haven't said so as long as you let me know right as quick as you can now that part is very important okay now when you get to this to fructose fructose is a very it's it's quite unstable now I'm going to write glucose's formula here right which is C6 I've got the wrong side of it h12 06 remember that formula okay don't forget that formula it's very important now that means it's a six carbon compound because it's got six carbons it's most important six carbon compounds fructose is unstable as a six carbon compound okay you happy with this and it breaks down into two three carbon compound so what happens is if this is also a six carbon compound right I'm going to break that up into two let me just move this down a bit more into two three carbon compounds three carbon compounds you happy with that okay so that's two remember we had six and now we breaking them up into two that's just Haring them you with me so if I if I had to put it down I would say three carbons right so you get three carbons let's go back up so you can see the whole sum what's half of 12 hydrogen six and oxygen three so let me erase this so that you don't get confused okay there it is three carbons six hydrogens and three oxygens okay nice and easy that means that that is that molecule and this one is exactly the same are you with me okay hopefully that is very important now if this carries on okay I need to make that other word those other big letters they are called py vector acid okay now if I lengthen this page up a bit more now everything that we do here am I right we can put onto the net so that you can see it am I right yes okay so you've got this don't worry about it this is just nice and easy I'm trying to explain it okay when I go from a three carbon compound I want to bring it all the way down to that special thing called pi r Vic acid right this it is it's p ruic acid we're happy that's what we need to do this part here you can draw a line and that is the end of glycolysis okay it's very simple so I'm going to go up to the top and I'm going to add in a few things glucose break down to fructose fructose goes into a three two three carbon compounds and the two three carbon compounds become two pyruvic acids okay now to go from a six the six this three carbon compound to pyruvic acid two things are made which is cool it's awesome two things are made first of all it gives off hydrogen okay so hydrogen is given off same with the side hydrogen and two atps are made automatically for free for nothing right so we're going to have two a TPS yes and two a TPS it's very easy okay the other molecule you're going to have to learn now remember in the beginning when I said to you guys that ADP is the carrier of energy okay you need to remember that now I need to take this hydrogen molecule somewhere and you can't just leave it alone right if you leave it alone it's just going to hang around there not go anywhere so it's very important we need to take it away and if you as yourself need to go to Cape Town or or Durban or Johannesburg and I live in a completely different place I need to climb in a vehicle right cat yes you do climb into a vehicle so I need a vehicle and this vehicle that can carry hydrogen remember this very carefully is called and you don't need to know the big word it's just the small word I'm not even going to give you the big word just the small word okay it's called n a d NAD so of course if I put the hydrogen onto it it becomes let's check n a d h you got it NAD DH there it is and of course the same I'm going to get you n a d h nice and easy nice and simp simple now glycolysis is just we're trying to make something I'm not cared about energy at the moment okay I'm just trying to make I'm trying to actually get the pyruvic acid which is important right and I'm trying to get these molecules okay so what I'm going to do is I'm going to go all the way back up and I'm going to put where's pyic acid or glycolysis there we go in glycolysis okay what have we made all together we've made ATP at TP right we've made n a DH and we've made pyic acid which is P Y where is it R pyu viic acid those are the three things we make in glycolysis means nothing to you at the moment absolutely nothing but keep it safe it's like like shopping put in your basket we'll get back to it later right okay that is what glycolysis is for you happy with that just for the record how many nadhs are made can you remember let's pull it down how many nadhs are made all the way down there's one over there am I right and there's one over here am all right so how many all together there's two cool so let's go back up and right there how many there is two made okay you with me now you've all learned about homeostasis hey I'm sure you know about homeostasis it's very important homeostasis if I go all the way down I want you to have a look at something how many atps are made okay let's have a look there's two the side and there's two that side so all together there's four but remember the body wants to be in homeostasis which means if I've used some I must replace it immediately so let's just have a good look here up up up up look at this 2 ATP I used energy to break from glucose to fructose so using that energy means two of them at the bottom here these two are going to disappear they're going to go back up to here where the fructose is made right back up to replace these two so all in all how many atps have we make okay let's go up and put it down it's very simple we have made two atps and how many pyic acids two it's two of everything right we're going to put that in our basket let's put a one side you happy with me are we all getting there cool now the next one I'm going to have a look at is the crep cycle now the CP cycle is where I need to make more things the first one glycolysis we make things the crep cycle we make things okay the um I always call it the electron transport system is where we take the things we've made and put them into energy right so let's have a look the creb cycle okay the creb cycle breaks down pyruvic acid very simple okay uh let's see hydrogen carbon dioxide are made hydrogen and carbon dioxide is made so that's the off product the things that we give away okay so let's go back and I'm going to draw it for you right very easy let's go all the way down there we go and I'm going to end off at pyruvic acid can you see it how many pyruvic acids do I have two but when we do the CB cycle we focus on one of them but whatever happens to this one happens to this one at the same time am I right right whatever happens to the one happens to the other so what I'm going to do is I'm just going to take this one Whatever I do we're going to do it on both sides so what I'm going to bring it down a little bit more I'm going to page up so we can see there and I'm I'm going to say your Pi ruic acid there it is okay whatever happens here happens there okay to get pyruvic acid into the crep cycle two things are made first of all what is given off it's very easy n a hydrogen is given off so what do we make n a DH okay and the carbon is given off okay a carbon there it is and a c what is carbon join to how do we get rid of carbon cat how do we get rid of carbon um I'll whisper to and you told you exactly she's clever can you believe it let me show you that's how we exhale it okay carbon dioxide we exhale it so we need to join it with oxygen and we get O2 okay very simple that is how we start the CP CLE very easy very simple okay once you get to know this the rest of the stuff is going to be basic simple and easy right before I go into the CB cycle because once I'm on there I cannot stop another stretch what do you think I think we need another break I definitely think so because I need a stretch you need a stretch so this break you guys can stretch a bit go get yourselves a glass of water but join us join us as fast as you can guys because the next segment as you heard is going to going to be amazing but also I've got lots more to tell you guys during the break you can also get your notes on Learn extra. so. Today for/ Live okay so get your notes the notes that lellan is working on now but there's also notes from last week the previous week NE next week maybe we'll see you know if you guys are lucky enough maybe we'll put them up so that you guys are ahead of the rest next week I've got some stuff on H that movie oh and we've got some stuff on the movie next week so see you right after the break [Music] welcome back Minds sets I hope that you guys had a really awesome break I've got stuff to tell you about the Korea and daba I told the great T and I'm telling you guys that you guys can register on www.are and d.c. and there you can register to attend over 60 workshops for free you guys I don't think you know how amazing that is these are workshops where you guys can obviously learn more and learn extra and we will be there us at mindset we will be there so come to the santon convention center from the 20th to the 22nd of June but you guys first have to register on korean. co.za in order to attend the workshops and they're for free can you imagine that it's brilliant I know I don't get anything for free except for a haircut except for a haircut for free but hey there you you go now guys I know I might be rushing it or you might not understand it that clearly but hopefully I am getting to you and I know that this is very difficult but you must understand when I was younger and we had to learn this when it got to the creb cycle which is the part we're doing now it became so complicated right so this is to me it makes sense in my brains right so if you are getting stuck just send a message immediately and guys the comments that you're sending you're going to make me blush right through my top of my head yeah I can see your head is already the nicest teacher ever well let's get back to it now if I say to you a cycle it means a circle right so let's do this we've got the circle I'm just going to move it down a little bit so you can get there let's say it's a complete circle right you happy with that it's a complete circle that means it's a cycle it means it goes that way and it carries on going and it carries on going and it carries on going and then it goes back to its original form right okay so now what I'm going to do just so that we can get there I'm going to move the CO2 up here CO2 just so that I've got the space there and we can work a little bit more right so if you stick with me for two seconds there we go okay now I'm going to bring this down this pyruvic acid that joins into this KB cycle or should I say the K cycle right it has just lost remember how many carbons was this can you remember it was a three carbon compound okay well three jeez it's a three carbon compound you with me did I give off a carbon so how many is left just a two okay so this part here is a two carbon compound not interested extra information for you okay it's just extra you don't need to know it but it's something that you must understand the CB cycle here always starts with a four carbon compound right I add another two in right oh no that's going to irritate me the whole day right I add another two in there it is I add another two in makes it how many on you once it's added how many is left six carbons am I right okay so remember if if I just have a look at that cycle it has to be a four the side means if I've added two I've got six what is going to happen to get it back to four I've got to give off two so the first thing we know is we're going to give off somewhere in here cuz you don't need to know exactly where okay somewhere in there we're going to give off two carbons so somewhere we're going to give off a carbon and a carbon how do we give off a carbon how do we get rid of carbon We join into oxygen to create Cat hello what do we how do we get rid of carbon we clever girl Breathe It Out CO2 very nice you happy so that's you don't need to know about the six and four I just want to give you the information cuz what we give off is carbon dioxide so I'm going to take this there's two carbon dioxides that are made right two carbon dioxides that are made erise that's the first thing you happy inside this creb cycle okay we're going to give off four hydrogens okay three very rich hydrogens means got a lot of energy and one that doesn't have a lot okay so let's get rid of the three with a lot of energy we're going to give off three hydrogen there it is three h hydrogen okay and each one of them how do we transport it we use n a d okay so n a d h with a hydrogen and how many did I say three of them you happy it's not difficult what do I have left I have one hydrogen that is not it hasn't got a lot of energy so if I'm rich yeah like this right let's let's ask cat cat if you were rich and you had to go somewhere yeah anywhere what would you drive in I wouldn't drive if I was rich what would you do I would maybe fly no no um I'd float I would come to work with you um ah limousine a limousine I like that a limousine limousine nice and big right so the NAD is like a limousine it carries big expensive very enriched hydrogen molecules okay now if I have another hydrogen molecule that has not got a lot of money right it's the average Joe in other words me the average Joe I would get into a normal car I wouldn't get a chauffeur to drive me around or or a limousine which I so would love I would love a dri I've been on once ever in my entire life was good so limousine is for the Big Rich hydrogens right the other one is a little car and the little car the little carrier okay he has a new one this is the only one we use is called f a d and two hydrogens listen carefully it's very important two hydrogens join that two of the same hydrogen on one molecule so it's sharing a car so not only can I drive in one car but I share it with another person do you understand so it's fadh2 hopefully you've got that so this is what's made so far and not only that when we make fadh2 just after that we make one ATP molecule so I'll also create one ATP molecule and it's one fadh you happy with that are you with me is I hope you're not you've got it all that's that's what you need to know about the CB cycle it's very simple okay so you with me now yes a key thing I'm going to pull this up slightly to go to this pyruvic acid remember just let me go here and a circle okay if I have a look pull it up uh down how many carbon dioxides two co2's down again it's going to be three nadh one fad and 1 ATP so let's go there 3 n a d h 1 f a d h 2 and 1 a t p we're happy okay so it's the same it's exactly the same can can you see that I copied it so all in all all in all think about it how many does the crep cycle give us there's three nadh2 nadh is there and there's three nadhs how many nadh is six so we just add them all up okay so I'm going to go up to the top and I'm going to put it into its right place where there crep cycle okay I need to keep certain things things that I want to put in my basket and things I don't okay the things I want to put in my basket are energy enriched things so I want to keep things like ATP I want to keep things like nadh I want to keep things like fadh do I want to keep carbon dioxide cat um no no we want to get rid of it so am I going to put in my basket no we put in the dust b as we walk past you know I'm trying to say Chuck it away just Chuck it away we don't need it so let's go into the basket okay CB cycle we need n a d hes how many do we have remember three from the one three from the other gives us six we're happy okay how many um fadh is f a d H's two how many do we have one from the one one from the other we have two very nice if I have a look how many atps are made one in the one CRI cycle one in the other so we have two 2 a TP now is that all we get from the C cycle because this is the part and I'm not lying to you this is the part that people struggle with okay it's very important to understand most people forget the most important thing okay let's just have a look what it is if I go down to glycolysis glucose fructose to pyruvic acids you with me okay then I talk about the creb cycle and people go to this yes so we've done that you're happy but how what did we get from making pyruvic acid join the CP ccle don't forget those out let's go up and have a look what do we have we have nadh do you see it and not only do we have one here but we have one here as well so there's another two can you see what I'm saying so if I go back up to our little basket right at the top do I really have six I don't I have more I have eight I have one by the the the pyruvic acid okay so I'm going to erase the six and I'm going to make sure that you get eight I did that for a reason so that you can understand it right I'm going to make it eight you all with me that is glycolysis and the creb cycle it's just filling the basket you got me very important okay now the next one if I'm not if I'm getting here is called oxidate uh uh oxidative phosphorilation right that is where we use things I mean think about it if I had to make a Tey right I would say glycolysis is getting the material okay well let's say the top the creb cycle is getting the so and the oxidative phosphorilation is where they put it together they put everything together okay now it's also called the electron transport system okay and that is where we make our atps okay you got to concentrate quite a bit with this part because with this part people get confused as well okay this is but this is not that bad it's quite cool okay the if I have a look at this it looks like a bunch of stairs okay so let me just put it in so you can understand it so goes that's all it is that's all it is it's a bunch of stairs and at the end of this we're trying to make 38 atps can you remember 38 atps that's how much we want at the end so let's have a look at it this is where we're going to send the nadhs do I need to send the atps there no it's ready ATP so what I'm going to do is I'm going to put atps in there and we're going to take it from there okay so let's see glycolysis I'm going to write it here when it is uh glycolysis right let's see can you remember what what what we made we made two atps right how many nadh nadhs did we make made two n a H's uh if I can do that right nadh's you with me if we go to crib we made8 in a dh's right we happy we had two f a d hes right and how many atps we had two a TPS is that everything let's go have a look to make sure I don't want to get you guys lost so let's have a look there we made nadh nadh how many are there two atps how many did we make we made four but we had to repl the one we used earlier can you remember Okay so we've got two let's see if there's anything more nothing now we've got pyruvic acid pyic acid goes into the CB cycle what happens we make just before it goes in we have nadh so there's one there's two right plus the three is 2 + 3 is 5 plus another three from this one here is eight fadh is one year one year so that's two atps one year one year we cool so let's have a look at it there it is that is what we've got in our basket so far you with me so now let me show you how this whole oxidative phosphorilation works it's not very difficult okay this is how it works every time every time an nadh jumps off a stair what is it doing gives off one bit of energy and that little bit of energy makes one ATP you happy that is if it's an nadh so let's have a look here has an nadh n a d h molecule you happy it jumps down as it hits there it gives off energy okay jumps off it gives off energy right it jumps off and gives energy you with me so far every time one energy is given off we make ATP so a t p a t p a t p and when it's done the last jump remember it is H hydrogen we're looking for all we do is we add it to an oxygen molecule because we breathe it in that's nice and easy and we make what is hydrogen and oxygen together water H girl H2 so we make H2O and we give it off so now for every nadh molecule right we make three ATP molecules okay so remember that every NAD we make three atps fadh on the other hand remember it's not as strong it's not as as hasn't got as much energy it only makes two so fadh can only come at this level f a d h and that's going to go once twice and also join to hydrogen that is going to give two so for every nadh we're going to get 3 a t PS you got it fad for every fad we're going to get two um a t PS you with me so far K are you getting this I'm with you I you with me so far so yep that is where we make atps so what we going to do look at this carefully we need to make how many can you remember 38 atps let's let's see if we've got it right okay let's see if we got it right up here right here atps we have two right so let's calculate it it's two yes two nadhs two for every one gives uh three atps so if there's 2 * 3 gives us six clever girl cat six very nice you happy eight nadh 2s well nadh let's see what's eight times three come math TI tick tock tick tock spit 24 24 atps right you with me then fadh is for every one fadh it makes two ATP modles so 2 * 2 2 is four we have another four and then we have two ATP here at the bottom another two so let's calculate if we can get all this right those two two and six right Let's cross them out 2 + 6 + 2 is 10 am I right yes 10 + 20 is 30 right mhm 30 + 4 34 + 4 is 38 38 atps I hope you're happy with that now just before I go on remember this whole thing over here where I am uh glycolysis if we get to glycolysis and we don't get anywhere there's no Oxygen it doesn't go to pyruvic acid pyruvic acid just becomes lactic acid and goes and get stuck in the m in your muscles right everything's on here guys get it it so you have the notes guys you have everything it takes to actually do incredibly well in this section so remember to learn more learn extra before I say goodbye the winner for the two double the two tickets of After Earth is MOSI MOSI so that's MOSI you are the winner congratulations remember to send us your details so that those tble tickets can come over to you okay so congrats invite whoever you need to invite and enjoy remember guys join us from 7: to 7:30 to learn more about after it cheers guys [Music] [Applause]