hello guys um today we are going to talk about a microscope before i go ahead and talk about how microscope works it all it is all spelled out in your lab manual in your handout in of course in modules and then before i tell you how it works of course you have to know the name of the parts before you learn how to drive you had to know the name of the parts of the vehicle where the gas pedal is where the brake is where the wheel is lights and so on and so forth the signals same thing here before we go ahead and tell you what how it works i have to tell you what are the parts so let's start quickly and then there's not much into it you have three pictures of this same microscope in the modules so um make sure you know the parts for lab practical purposes right here these two lenses for two eyes is called oclear lens or eyepiece it is all spelled out in your lab manual handout so these are eyepiece or ocular lenses you can adjust them based on your eye everybody's distance of the eye is different so and then this is called arm stage and then these are called the objective lenses there are three different objective lenses which i will talk about them as you can see they rotate i will talk about them and uh what each one of them will do and then on the bottom you have you see what is moving up and down the whole entire thing is called condenser what is moving and of course this is the knob that moves it up and down right so you can see that this is the light power the light source coarse adjustment fine adjustment arm base and then you can turn on and off the microscopes from back here as you can see i turn it on and now it's off so back here every microscope is different where the on and off switch is in our in this case it is in the back of the microscope and of course you can adjust the amount of light right here you can see what is happening to the amount of the light right here okay so uh quickly one more time i'm just oh right here in the condenser you have a diaphragm this uh adjusts the amount of the light for you and then if you look at the other side of the microscope you have a picture of it also this is where i'm sure you were exposed to microscopes in the past and then you had to move the slide with your fingers but not here you put the slide up here and look i'm moving the slide i'll show you let's grab one right here and if you look the slide is being moved back and forth top bottom side side with this knob so you don't move the slide like this you move the slide with this and that i hope i hope that makes sense okay so anyhow let's put it back here first of all you always carry a microscope with two hands one on the arm and one on the bottom of the base that's how you carry microscope from your cabinet to your bench so if one hand is loose you can you grab the microscope with the other hand these are expensive equipment so keep take care of them please and i'm going to bring the uh condenser all the way to the top it depends on how much light you want to use and so on and so forth so ocular lens or eyepiece arm stage coarse adjustment fine adjustment uh base light source condenser this one this is what is moving up and down and in the condenser you have diaphragm um uh turn on off switch power cord here i hope you guys can see everything um in uh that okay so if you grab the mic let's go over uh how to use the microscope you grab the microscope with two hands put it on a bench you plug it in which already plugged it in you turn on the microscope right right here and then you put the slide you grab this you pull it back nothing goes underneath like old days you pull it back you leave the slide here and then you let it go okay then you look through the ocular lens and move the coarse adjustment up you see whenever you get the microscope it's supposed to be down so i'm gonna bring the condenser up and look at the coverslip right here this is called slip and then you put it in here you move the slide um and look and move the cover slip on top of the condenser right i can see now i know i have something i should have something on the microscope but if i was if it was like this definitely i would not have anything on the microscope just plain glass but now this is on top oh come on this is on top of the condenser the coverslip is on top of the condenser then i know i have something in here you look through the all clear lens and then bring the course adjustment up bring it up bring it up bring it up and of course you are on red lens i will talk about lenses on the board here in a minute you're on a red lens or scanning power or 4x okay so and you bring it up as soon as you see something right here you stop and you can use the fine adjustment then you want to see it bigger you go to the next lens right here use the coarse adjustment and fine adjustment you see it clear and perfect right then you go to the next power you want to see it pick it and that would be your high power the blue lens that for the blue lens you only use fine adjustment you cannot use coarse adjustment if you use a coarse adjustment you might break the slide you will break the slide i had a student just uh last semester a couple semesters ago broke slide because she was not paying attention but anyhow so you cannot use this one when you go to blue lens or high power whenever you're finished exactly opposite of what you've done just like pilots you ask pilots what is the hardest part of flying a plane they say landing it okay i hope this is not the hardest part it's harder for you to remember you just want to snag the slide and go home but you got to go back you got to go back the slides and then of course you bring the coarse adjustment all the way down bring the stage all the way down bring it all the way down and then take the slide off of the microscope okay so quickly one more time you put the slide in here you look through the scanning power while you're looking up here you move the course adjustment up up up until you see something you see letter e whatever it is then you rotate and of course use a fine adjustment and coarse adjustment rotate to the low power from scanning power you're uh you're going to 10x low power use you are allowed to use the coarse adjustment that is fine use the fine adjustment make it clear crisp while you're looking while you're looking you're supposed to do that then you go to the next lens you hear that click if you do not hear that click you see darkness it's total darkness okay so then use the fine adjustment only and then when you're finished you find it of course it's bigger and i'll go over that here a little bit and then when you're finished you go backwards and then you move the coarse adjustment all the way down and then grab the slide and put it in the right tray whatever tray whatever slide you were looking at okay then let's go ahead and i'll show you what these are all about um quickly uh right here there's a lot of reflection of light and i hope uh you guys can see things a little bit oh maybe i should turn off some lights but anyhow um try to do your best so it's scanning power you guys scanning power is 4x so the objective lens is 4x the oclear lens is 10x so 4 times 10 based on loss of lenses is 400 you see something on the microscope on the scanning power the red lens that i showed you 40 times bigger okay why 40 times bigger because the ocular lens i didn't write it down here ocular lens is 10x 10 times 4 is 40. if you have physics you know what i'm talking about then low power the yellow lens is 10x it magnifies anything for you 10 times times the 10x from our clear lens the eyepiece so it's 100. so total magnification for low power is 100 total magnification for high power for high power it is 400. okay so um also i asked you guys to look at a few other things excuse me i have to go back and forth i wish i had a cameraman i don't um right here so when you look at one of the properties of a microscope i hope i can see you can see the whole entire thing right here the great delta college logo i have to say they're great okay right here so let's look at um letter e anything on microscope you look at it sorry it is upside down i hope you can see that letter e look at it it's upside down but in biology we don't need to know we are not reading scripture we are not reading anything on um on the microscope so if you look at the cell which is round like this it doesn't matter you're looking at it upside down right something like that it doesn't matter if the cell was rectangular i have a plant cell here you look at a rectangular cell it doesn't matter so for all purposes in our case it does not matter if a slide is upside down or not this is this is the same microscope as the other one but this one is connected to computer the other one does not have the ability to connect computer so i'm seeing on forex let's go and look at it under 10x and under 10x you cannot see the entire letter e you only can see portions of it okay i hope i'm making some sense so here is the cross is a portion of the circle you cannot see the entire letter e and then the next one on high power and now i'm only using fine adjustment lock you only see a fragment of literally you cannot see the entire letter e just a piece there's an exercise i'm gonna remove and then i'm rotating my lenses back you guys right and then there's an exercise in there uh i asked you guys to [Music] put a ruler right here these are transparent ruler and i hope you don't want to use the inches you want to use the metric system you put the metric system on the microscope and see how many lines do you see anywhere you can put it on the microscope as long as you can move the lens and right here you focus it of course i'm going to focus it for my eyes this is scanning power i ask you guys to look at it under low power under low power if i move i almost see three lines i can see on the microscope three lines okay sorry about that uh well let's move it a little bit back and forth right here is another line on the microscope and of course you put it on the projector uh your magnet magnifies it a little bit but on the microscope you only can see these three lines a portion of this line all of that line and then a portion of that line of course under this on the screen but imagine imagine that right from here to here on the microscope is two millimeters right one millimeter two millimeters two millimeters right i asked you uh to grab a ruler and i put the ruler right here put the ruler on the microscope and based on that phase two i can only see two millimeters then what i said if i go if i want to measure an animal an organization okay so if i have a cell on the microscope this big so how much how many of these guys i can fit in here let's say i can fit about six of them so two millimeters divided by six that would be the size of this cell so you can measure the size of cells on the microscope from here one two three four five six so i can fit six uh two millimeter divided by six but i gave you a formula in your handout that is the formula right here let's look at it so the diameter right here you can see that uh hopefully the diameter of the and up i mean the calculations dimension of the low power magne in microns over diameter of high power in microns equal to total magnification right there total magnification of high power over total magnification or low power so 200 right here 2 millimeter is equal to 200 right here 2 millimeter is equal to 200 so that goes up here over x i don't know how much is in high power from one end of lens to the other end of the field of the view you're looking at equal to 400 i know that 100 i know that i already showed it to you guys from here then you do simple calculation 200 times 100 divided by 400 is equal to 500 i hope you can guys can see all of that those calculations right here you can see the calculations there so if i go to high power on your microscope right here i hope you can see it the whole entire field right here okay that's better so if i go to high power you guys let's go to high power of course i cannot see i only see a portion of the e so i don't know from here to here is how many micron based on the calculations i know from this end to that end is 500 micron the ruler cannot tell me uh how big his mic was a couple of other things that um you should know is i'm gonna go back to this and i'll show you a few other things we have two type of slides these are permanent slides they are they put glue they put a cover slip on top and they're glued it so you're looking at it and there is a label here so you always look at the slide this way the way you can read the label so you put it on the microscope like this and you can read the label and then you do whatever you have to do then we have other slides like uh they call them that was a permanent slide this is an example of a permanent slide this is an example of permanent slide these are all examples of permanent size then we have a wet mount slide the wet mount slide are the slide that you prepare of course i hope i can get one slide out okay just like that there's nothing in there and then you grab a leaf like this uh this is lodia plant you grab one leaflet and you put it on a slide you of course you always have to add something either the water or you stain methylene blue iodine which you already talked about it you put it on top and then here it is a cover slip you put the cover slip what are your coverslip right here i don't know you guys can see that here's cover slip on top and put a little bit of talking on it you put it on the microscope make sure the bottom of it is dry you put it on a microscope and you look at it okay that's called the wetland when you're finished we toss this you toss the leaflet or your hair or your cheek cells whatever you're looking at you can toss them and then this one the slide we keep we rinse it and put it on a paper towel we keep these lenses we don't toss up this is a wet mount uh a slide that is not permanent these are permanent slices so since you've been having so much fun let's look at uh i think this is silk um yup this is this is look like your hair uh if you want to make a wet mount of your hair this is your hair almost same size and you can look at it and they're all over of course you have to they stain these for you you have all different type of silk uh stained red yellow blue and that should be almost the same diameter of your hair and then of course the length is different so that would be silk and of course you i told you how to calculate it how to calculate the diameter of your hair this would be an egg of a white fish you guys can see that i have to darken the field yeah we have to play with lights so right here if you would i'm on scanning power here the a here is a nucleus here is a new leolars here's the egg is another thing let's magnify him so that's the difference between you remember that that's a 4x i'm going to 10x you guys see that a little bit bigger right now you can see perfectly i'm using the fine adjustment i can use the coarse adjustment here's the egg nucleus leolas cytoplasm cell membrane that's all i can see in this slide and this is not a fertilized egg this is an unfertilized egg and then you go to high power in the high power look how big they are and i have to increase my light i have to adjust for the light and use the fine adjustment only oh i hope can you guys see it now a little bit oh no okay let's darken it okay now it's better yeah it's it's hard on these uh to adjust and to look at yeah that's good so you see how big that is so if i want to measure it how big have two of them in my center that's hard so from here to here is 500 micron let's say you can fit three of these of course you're losing some you remember that two of them doesn't matter so 500 divided by two it is about 250 micrometer this egg from this end to that end that's about 200 so 200 micrometer okay so i hope i said everything about microscope that you guys need to know um you should be able to do this on your own