hi guys welcome back to your last chapter of occupational health and safety please have your book out ready to go and we'll be discussing first aid all right guys so what are we going to learn from this chapter we're going to describe first aid equipment and procedures and basic application [Music] priorities for the casualties and treat using the basic principles explain the importance of identifying emergency situations and why untrained personnel should not administer first aid in an emergency okay guys so when we look at emerge emergency situations okay they can be anything you know disasters accidents injuries um even crime can happen at any time without warning so we can break down emergency situations um in different types so we obviously have accidents that's you know they're not expected they were unforeseen they were not intended um intended um obviously they're not a pleasant situation and sometimes it happens um from negligence um then we have illness so that's just poor health resulting from sickness of the body fires we spoke about fires in the last chapter floods is um an expansion of water that submerges land um when there is a lot of rain um in a short period of time and then chemical contamination and that can just be the burst leak or a spill of a dangerous chemical okay guys first aid is a skilled application of accepted principles of treatment on the occurrence of any injury or sudden illness obviously there are certain steps that we need to follow we need to assess the situation we need to identify the condition or which the casualty is suffering from given immediate appropriate and adequate treatment and then obviously we need to arrange for a doctor immediately because you're not a doctor if you're a first aider you're just assisting with the emergency at hand and then when we have a look at our emergency plans and procedures um you know how many ways are they to get up safely in and out of a building do the employees know about all of them and if a fire did start um would everyone get out safely or is there some other route that we could follow um it so says you're on page 248 the procedures will include any specific risks that may occur in a particular environment and they include the following armed robbery bombs evacuation fires flooding emergency power outages and all of these procedures inc would need an emergency plan um to assist guests and employees okay emergency first aid procedures obviously there is a general procedure that can be followed in many emergency situations basic sets of actions that can be taken so we look at a rapid but calm approach we a quick assessment of the situation we need to try and diagnose the correct diagnosis um and then obviously any immediate or appropriate treatment that is required um and when we have to action an emergency um we obviously get more in depth and when we approach and survey the scene you will see um you've got to stay calm have a controlled manner you know make sure you're not placing yourself in any danger because of this incident um you know like a fire or gas explosion and just survey the overall evaluation of the situation obviously make sure your safety is number one priority such as gas poisonous fire collapsing buildings electrical safety is your number one priority obviously getting others to help colleagues or guests can be extremely useful and may even help with treatment such as severe bleeding or supporting a badly injured lemon or something like that and then obviously calling a doctor then we um determine the priorities of treatment you know we must do a quick assessment of the injuries whether there are any life-threatening injuries that must be identified and treated first open the airway make any unconscious casualty into the recovery position um you know the nor remember the nausea casualty is not necessarily the most severely injured casualty okay so that's where you do your assessment of the scene as well and then obviously call for any assistance the police the fire brigade anything like that all right so when we are assessing life-threatening injuries it's very important that we use the acronym um called cows this is to determine the casualties level of consciousness so it stands for can you hear me can you open your eyes what is your name and squeeze my hand that will tell you as the first aider what level he is at can he you know comprehend what is being said what is happening around him you know first aiders must also focus on a pattern called abc before giving any additional treatment this pattern is important because your first thing would be your airway is any airways being blocked are they breathing and is there circulation because without that you're more than likely going to lose the person um that you're trying to assist okay when we look at trying to preserve people's lives um obviously that's one of the most important things that you want to do as a first aider is to make sure that this person doesn't you know pass away or die under your care as a first aider we need to make sure that um they are able to breathe through an open airway the passage is clear where air can move into the lungs without any obstruction when we promote the recovery position you'll see here in this picture um this is the recovery position um it's this is the first basic technique that's recommended for assisting people who are unconscious or nearly or not still breathing you must remember we put the head to the side because the tongue can fall back into the throat and that can cause the airway to stop the you know lack of air to come in and you could stop breathing or any fluids or vomit blood things like that can collect in the back of the throat and that can cause somebody to choke we also put the knee on the side so this stops them from rolling onto their stomach as they can also be badly injured um we don't want to affect any organs inside um so the covering position is really the go-to position for all first aiders okay guys so when we try and identify um vital signs um you know you always see it on movies where they you know check the polls or they're checking the risk for their vital signs um you know these are the different things that we look at when we are checking these vital signs so when we're looking at um consciousness um we're looking at the abpu scale so that is alert that's the highest level of response on the scale responds to voice although not fully awake the casualty can react to a voice response to pain although the casualty appears unconscious pinching the back of the hand or earlier gets some form of reaction and then unresponsive casualty doesn't respond to voice or pain okay when we look at the breathing we obviously want to recognize the speed at which they're breathing you know somebody breathing very very fast is there noise you know can you hear something something might be blocked in the airways are they having difficulty breathing you know some people sound really like like they are forcing their lungs you know to inhale exhale a and the rhythm so does it have a does it have a beat does it have a pattern and obviously the dick that they are doing it is a sharp is it full breads half breads things like that then when we look at pulse which is your heart same thing we look at speed is it beating really really fast the strength at your pulse isn't weak you know is it very very faint or is it very very bold that you know you can feel that heartbeat instantly and obviously the rhythm um is it irregular or regular okay guys so how do identify actions in emergency situations so we have four main ones here we have obviously accidents illnesses floods and chemical spills um so when we look at accidents we look at major accidents incidents and accidents um you know incidents are large where large number of casualties are involved i mean earthquake or road accidents or something like that um um sometimes you know casualties can be trapped or thrown from distances um in a major fire injuries can also be caused by people jumping out of high balding or being trapped in a smoke fold room okay then we have illnesses obviously high fever um you know team if you have a high fever tend to to cool down to cool down um the sick person with a damn cloth if somebody is in pain or vomiting um you may administer a pain killer or if they have diarrhea you can administer them re-um oral rehydrate um to try get the electrolytes back in their body floods obviously we don't want to use any electrical devices during a flood um you know we want to trash out of all the electrical equipment so that it's safe then you would use your evacuation procedures in a flood a flooding situation and then we have chemical spills okay um that may be a complicated by spillage of dangerous liquids or escape of toxic fumes it could be a spill or a leak um obviously we need to approach the incident very carefully um you know we have hazard warnings these are vehicles carrying dangerous goods displaying information panels indicating the substance that's being carried they are known as has chem labels and are used internationally it's recognized internationally so that everyone around the world knows what is happening um each label gives you four separate pieces of information which can be translated into immediate action by the emergency services so you'll see you've got the first orange block um it has this unique number you have a second orange block the third orange block and then on the right hand side that has a class warning diamond okay so these labels and signs all have different meanings and it's important to know the difference if you are working in an environment where there are toxic and chemical spills um you can look on page 258 and 259 at the different signs and the different classes that are classified um and then there are also some tips for any hazardous spills or leaks um that you could follow in these situations all right guys then we have a first aid box every individual every workplace should have a first deck box which contains suitable equipment for the types of injury that may likely occur always keep a first aid box in your car or a mini first-hand box in your handbag or you know anything like that um you never know when you're gonna need a plaster or a bandage or something like that um your cm261 is a list of items that you should have in your first aid box and obviously for hospitality workers it's important to have your burn dressings and gels because we are obviously dealing in the kitchen or with heat things like that and it's always important they are quite expensive um but if you use them correctly and you'll be okay in emergency um yes yeah okay guys so uh when we look at our first aid treatment um you know it's quite important that we understand each type of treatment that is required in emergency situations or a situation at work or an employee or colleague things like that you know we have our aids precautions um please read through each one of these um it's your cpr that you have that you'll learn on your first aid course if you do a first aid course um you know how to treat fractures um that is when your bones are cracked or broken how to treat and prevent burns especially if you work in f and b or even in housekeeping with irons and steam it's very important the do's and the don'ts then you have the cuts prevention treatment of cuts the do's and the dose how to store things properly what to do and obviously if cuts are very bad or are quite minor um then we have the prevention treatment of falls and strains because that can happen a lot at work if you've got stairs or oily or slippery tiling what to do there obviously if you get shocked in electrical um an emergency or whatever the case may be what to do there fainting if an employee or somebody faints a family member even how to deal with that again electrical shock and then obviously allergic reactions that can be quite serious people can die your organs can shut down very quickly it's always important to know the different allergens that people or employees or guests have and then of course choking that is a very big accident that can happen to guests or colleagues okay guys so please read and understand each one of these first eight treatments that you are um might you know someday in your life you're gonna come across it and it'll be quite good to know what to do all right guys so when we have our backup services you know that is obviously our police our ambulance our paramedics our fire brigade disaster management services all these people and they are your backup you need to call them immediately or get somebody to call the doctor or emergency if you are dealing with somebody that you are doing first aid treatment on and you always need to relay the correct messages to these services age gender vitals important signs and information obviously the right how to document emergency situations accurately how to report these incidences and injuries correctly and always make sure that you have a first aider on site in your hotel or your restaurant if you are the gm of a hotel and you don't have a first aider it is important to budget for it and to send your employees on first aid programs because guests and other employees need to know who they can go to in these emergency situations all right guys good luck for your test i hope all goes well and please focus on the chapters that are provided in your subject guide please know your i can tell you quickly please make sure you know your hygiene legislation so chapters two chapters 3 chapter 11 chapter 7 chapter 6 chapter 15. and chapter 16 those are your main main chapters to go through all the other chapters you can go through as well obviously but please go through those main chapters for your test good luck i hope you had a fun time and with me in occupational health and safety good luck