all right let's go through uh the structures of the kidney and the nephron uh here on the kidney Board model first we have a seat we're going to go through the cross section of the actual kidney here uh we'll start with the renal or fibrous capsule that surrounds the very outside of the actual kidney itself right and then we have two layers of tissue within the actual kidney itself we have the renal cortex that runs from here to here and it runs all the way around the kidney and then we have the renal medulla which forms kind of a core of the kidney and that you see running all through here so this is the Reno medulla now within the renal cortex we have the renal columns and see those renal columns here and within the renal medulla we have the renal pyramid so here's a pyramid and here's a pyramid pyramid pyramid so on and so forth and we have the renal papilla the renal papilla is the very edge of the actual renal pyramid where that formed urine is going to then flow into these open vessels here we can see again so it's that very edge of the pyramid here or another view is right here this would be a view looking straight at it so right where the tip of this wooden probe is now as that Uranus formula flows into these open open vessels here these open vessels have names obviously right so uh there is a minor calyx minor calyx minor calyx liner calyx minor calyx minor calyx monarchalyx so minor calyx here for every actual pyramid right and these minor calyces will then merge together to form a major calyx which we see here minor minor minor minor calyces all run together to form a major calyx right and then you've got the renal pelvis right here now these three sets of open structures right the my all the minor capacities plus the major calyces plus the renal pelvis combined are known as the renal sinus now if we move into the actual looking at blood flow within the kidney right we would start with the renal artery here and that renal artery is then going to split up into multiple smaller arteries called the segmental arteries right so renal artery to segmental arteries the segmental arteries will then divide up into interlobe interlobar artery so here's an interlobar here's an interlobar interlobar interlobar for example right now those interlo bars is to begin to as that begins to Arc over the top of the actual pyramids here this is the rq8 artery rq8 artery another arcuate artery here now the first vessel to actually breach into the cortex is going to be this next this this next vessel that branches off of the actual arcuade and so the arcuate here and these are the interlobular or cortical radiate so taking a look at this other View this is the rq8 artery and this is an example of a interlobular or cortical radiate artery now branching off the interlobular is this blood vessel here that's going in to the glomerulus and glomerular capsule here this vessel here or here or here or here or here these vessels are known as the afferent arterioles and the afferent arterials brings blood or brings blood into the actual glomerulus seam here and then that blood leaving the glomerulus is going to exit through what we call the efferent arterial so this is an efferent arterial this is an efferent arterial this is a new front arterial efferent arterial efferent arterial now that blood will will run either into the peritubular capillaries seen here or the vasorecta seen here now blood returning from these two sets of capillaries will run in through the interlobular vein so you can see here and into the arcuate vein seen here from the arcuate vein seen here on this view it runs into the interlobar vein except here there's going to be no segmental veins so it's going to run right from interlobar veins directly into the renal vein so that's blood flow through the actual kidney now let's talk about the actual nephron itself right so as I said before we've got the glomerulus which is that ball of capillaries seen here and the capsule around it known as the glomerular capsule now the two of these things combined together the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus combined are known as the renal corpuscle okay now filtrate coming out of the glomerulus is going to get caught into the capsular space of the glomerular capsule here and then it will first begin to run through the proximal convoluted tubule seen here now once that fluid is run through the proximal compilot tubule it will go through the nephron loop and then to the distal convoluted tubule from there it will run through the collecting tubule down through the collecting duct and then out to the actual renal pillow on this view of the model here we can see that afferent arterial the glomerulus the efferent arteriole we can also see the glomerular capsule the very beginning portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and a portion of the distal convoluted tubule