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Ellis Island Medical Inspection

Oct 5, 2025

Overview

This lecture discusses the purpose and procedures of the medical inspection that immigrants underwent at Ellis Island, highlighting the criteria and methods used by inspectors.

Purpose of Medical Inspection

  • Immigrants at Ellis Island had to be healthy enough to work and free from contagious diseases.
  • The main goal of the inspection was to protect public health in the United States.
  • Medical inspection aimed to prevent the spread of illness and ensure the workforce’s capability.

Medical Inspection Procedures

  • Inspectors observed immigrants as they walked up stairs to spot signs of physical weakness or illness.
  • Doctors looked for symptoms like limping, coughing, or labored breathing.
  • Immigrants suspected of illness received a chalk mark on their clothing and were directed to further testing.
  • Common diseases screened for included trachoma (an eye infection), tuberculosis, and other contagious conditions.
  • Quick visual inspections were crucial because large numbers of people arrived daily.

Outcomes of Medical Inspection

  • Immigrants who passed the inspection continued on to legal processing.
  • Those deemed sick could be sent to the Ellis Island Hospital for treatment and potential recovery.
  • Some immigrants were detained or, in rare cases, sent back to their country of origin if deemed unfit.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Medical Inspection — Examination to determine if immigrants are healthy and free of contagious diseases.
  • Trachoma — A contagious eye disease that could result in denial of entry.
  • Ellis Island Hospital — Facility where sick immigrants could recover before being allowed entry.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the role of medical inspections in U.S. immigration history.
  • Consider the impact of public health concerns on immigration policy.
  • Reflect on how observation skills were used to quickly assess large groups.