Network Topology - Eduqas GCSE (2020 Spec)

Overview

Network topology: Refers to the layout of computer systems on a network. Devices in the topology are known as 'nodes'.

Structure: Nodes connected to a central bus (cable).
Data Transmission:
- Data packets travel along the bus.
- Each system checks the packet address; if it matches, data is accepted.
- Requires terminators at both ends of the bus.
Advantages:
- Easy and quick setup.
- Cost-effective; less cabling, no extra hardware needed.
Disadvantages:
- Poor security; data is passed to every system.
- High risk of data collisions.
- Limited length and capacity of the main cable.

Structure: Systems are connected in a single loop.
Data Transmission:
- Packets move in one direction around the loop.
- Each system checks if the packet address matches its own.
Advantages:
- Avoids data collisions.
- Consistent transfer speeds.
Disadvantages:
- Network fails if a single system fails.
- Requires temporary shutdown for adding new systems.

Structure: Systems connected to a central hub or switch.
Data Transmission:
- Data sent to the hub/switch, which forwards it to the destination.
Advantages:
- Improved security; direct data transfer through hub/switch.
- Easy to add new systems without shutdown.
- Fast transfer speeds with minimal collisions.
Disadvantages:
- Additional hardware (hub/switch) required.
- Failure of the central hub/switch disables the network.

Structure: Each node connects to every other node (full mesh) or partially.
Data Transmission:
- Packets find the quickest path to the destination.
- Multiple alternative paths available if one fails.
Advantages:
- High fault tolerance.
- Handles large data traffic effectively.
- Easily expandable.
Disadvantages:
- High installation and maintenance costs due to extensive cabling.
- Avoid redundant cabling.

Draw and label diagrams of all four topologies.
Compare topologies:
- Bus vs. Ring: Discuss advantages and disadvantages.
- Star vs. Mesh: Discuss advantages and disadvantages.