[Music] good day welcome to 21st century literature from the philippines and the world and also welcome back students after pfa modules here we are in our literary lessons have you ever asked what do i need to know in this subject this lesson was designed and written with you in mind it is here to help you understand 21st century literature from the philippines to the world the scope of this lesson permits it to be used in many different learning situations the language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of all students here the lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course about geographic linguistic and ethnic dimensions of philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary and also identifying representative texts from the different regions of our country so here are the first two lessons that we will be going to take up in week one and week two in this subject and after going through this lesson you are expected to be able to do the following objectives first identify geographic linguistic and ethnic dimensions of philippine literary history from pre-colonial to contemporary and representative texts from the regions second write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts third show a sense of adaptability of the philippine literary history here we are let's begin lesson one entitled philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary first i want you to think about our history while looking at the picture at the right reminisce your previous learnings on philippine history and now what is the picture that you are seeing at the right yes you're right this is the philippine by buying or what we call alibata what's the story behind our alphabet our forefathers already had their literature which reflected in their customs and traditions they had their alphabet even before they had been colonized the spanish friars burned their alphabet in the belief that they were works of the devil or were written on materials that quickly perished like the barks of trees dried leaves and bamboo cylinders which could not have remained firm even if efforts were made to preserve them our unique geographic location is the reason why we are rich and varied so that might be the reason why our alibata is no longer the alphabet that we are using as of today to write our names to write paragraphs to write letters and many more let us begin in the pre-spanish literature or the pre-spanish period and let us find out what kind of literature or literary pieces do we have at this point of time in the pre-spanish period our literature are the following the fog tales the epic age and the fox songs let us go one by one on each literary pieces let's talk about foxtails these are made up of stories about life adventure love horror and humor where one can derive lessons about life an example of this is the moon and the sun fog tales in tagalog is also called quenton bayern second one the epic age epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events usually of a hero are dealt with at length example is be agni lama from the word itself these long narrative poems are talking about heroines or heroes as the main character of the story and lastly fox songs these are one of the oldest forms of philippine literature that emerged in the pre-spanish period these songs mirrored the early forms of culture many of this have 12 syllables let's see the examples condiment [Music] and next let's move on the spanish period let's see what kind of literature is here literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry we have here the spanish influences on philippine literature what are those influences the first filipino alphabet called alibata was replaced by the roman alphabet also the teaching of the christian doctrine became the basis of religious practices european legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs corridors and moromoros many things have been the influence of the spanish era beginning from the alphabet being changed from the baby into the roman one and also the greatest influence of the spanish era is our religious practices even the way of writings the traditions that we have have also been brought to us by spaniards to assimilate in our different literary pieces next we have fox songs it manifests the artistic feelings of the filipinas and shows their inner appreciation for and love of beauty the examples are leron le rancinta omolinawen dan dan soy sarong bangi i bet you are all familiar with this fox sauce let us have recreational place there are many recreational place performed by filipinos during the spanish times almost all of them were in a poetic form such as salubong and zarzoella and some of these are still practiced up to these days how about in the period of enlightenment from 1972 to year 1898 in 19th century filipino intellectuals educated in europe called illustratos began to write about the hitch of colonization in the period of enlightenment there began the propaganda movement dated 1872-1896 this movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle class like jose rizal marcelo del pilar crescena lopez hina antonio luna mariano ponce jose maria paganiban and pedro paterno can you still remember them in our history i bet you do let us see some of their writings that urge filipino spirit some of these are no limitangere el filibusterismo miguel [Music] excellent right how about del pilar's writings he has by eating saturn [Music] and lastly we have from the group haina and frey bottom or the child of the friar everything is hamburg or everything is mere show manga filipino 1891 and pagoda columbus or an oration to commemorate columbus next let's move on to the american regime dated 1898-1944 linguistically americans influenced filipino writers to write using english language and the characteristics of literature during this period are as follows the languages used in writing were spanish and tagalog and the dialects of the different regions but the writers in tagalog continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one's native tongue and the writers in english imitated the themes and methods of the americans though we were civilized and educated in the era of the american regime still filipinos and some of our writers still write in the language of spanish and tagalog however those who can write in english imitated the themes and the styles and the techniques of the americans which as of now or until our time here stayed side still relevant also in this era jose garcia villa became famous for his frivolous next let's go to the japanese period dated 1941-1945 between 1941-1945 philippine literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country japan conquered the philippines philippine literature in english came to a health except for the tribune and the philippine review almost all newspapers in english were stopped by the japanese we all know that japanese are not into english and in these times or in this era that we are living in japanese sikh tutorials in english so they can speak well of the english language during this period we were stopped or the country was tough to write in english except for the different newspapers examples are the tribune and the philippine review the characteristics of literature during this period are as follows the common theme of most poems during the japanese occupation was nationalism country love and life in the barrios faith religion and the arts so that's how the little terrari pieces in the japanese era are being written [Music] during the japanese era three types of poems emerged these are haiku tanaga and karani first haiku a poem of reverse that the japanese like it was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines are basically composed of five on the first line seven on the second line and on the third line is another five next is tanaga filipino poem like the haiku which is short but it had measure and rhyme it has four lines with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line and lastly or the usual form or conventional way of how filipinos write their poem [Music] how about the philippine literature in english because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the japanese in the writing and publishing of works in english philippine literature in english experienced a dark period for the first 20 years many books were published both in filipino and in english while in the new filipino literature philippine literature in tagalog was revived during this period most themes in the writings dealt with japanese brutalities the poverty of life under the japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits so even though we were given a halt by the japanese to write in english language it is also good because we can write our literary pieces in tagalog or in our very own mother tongue and still seeking for freedom writings were dealing with the brutalities of the colonizers let's proceed to the period of activism year 1970 to 1972 according to poshana pineda youth activism in 1970 to 1972 was due to domestic and worldwide causes because of the ills of society the youth moved to sick reforms [Music] this became the literary revolution the youth became vocal with their sentiments they demanded a change in the government it was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk expressions but also in literature this was the beginning of time when youth's voices are being heard not only by rallying in the sidewalks but also through pen next the period of the new society 1972-1980 the period of the new society started as on september 21 1972 the carlos palanca awards continued to give annual awards poems dealt with patience regard for native culture customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings newspaper dawn new forms news on economic progress discipline culture thurism and the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings rape and robberies filipinos before were hooked in reading magazines and comics in the period of the new society writings of poems continued as well as the new face of news wherein good news is much favored than the bad news next period of the third republic of 1981-1985 after 10 years of military rule and some changes in the life of the filipino which started under the new society martial rule was at last lifted on january to 1981. the philippines became a new nation and this former president marcus called the new republic of the philippines poems during this period of the third republic were romantic and revolutionary many filipino songs dealt with themes that were true to life like those of grief poverty aspirations for freedom love of god and country and fellowmen those were now the topics in the literary pieces after being under the martial rule [Music] next post and sawan revolution 1986-1995 history took another twist once more the filipino people regained their independence which they lost 20 years ago in four days from february 21 to 25 1986 the so-called people power or la custombayan prevailed in the short span of the existence of the real republic of the philippines several changes already became evident it was noticed in the new filipino songs newspapers speeches and even in the television programs the now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation were the enquirer malaya and the people's journal here's what happened to the literature in the post ezza one revolution wherein newspapers are now a good friend and companion especially the enquirer malaya and people's journal which are still being used until today and now last but not the least 21st century period today the new trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs and tastes of the new generation 21st century learners are demanded to be ict inclined to compete with the style and format of writing as well new codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays this has been the millennial or the generation z type of literary pieces that they want to read especially those lingos those codes are form of language that they love to use whether it is on ict or in the hardbound type of literary pieces what have you learned we're almost done let us have a recap of this lesson first pre-spanish literature is characterized by legends folk tales the epic age and the fox songs second the propaganda movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle class like jose rizal marcella del pilar cristiano lopez hina antonio luna mariano ponce jose maria panganiban and pedro paterno in the american regime americans influenced filipino writers to write using the english language english as a medium of instruction was introduced in the schools as the intellectual language of education in the period of activism campus newspapers were written to show their protest they held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word machibacca or to their in the period of the new society poems dealt with patience regard for native culture customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings next the period of the third republic was romantic and revolutionary posted someone noticed in the new filipino songs in the newspapers in the speeches and even in the television programs hooray for today that is the end of lesson one you may now start doing activities and tasks assigned to you for this lesson hi are you done with lesson one now let us proceed to the 21st century literature from the philippines and the world's lesson two [Music] let us have first a review answer the following questions for the previous lessons what are the different literary periods in the philippine literature can you still remember excellent what are the basic elements of the literary pieces under the japanese regime how about an american period and how about on the spanish period great number three what are changes in literature during the 21st century nice i think you are ready for lesson 2 our class objectives for today at the end of the lesson you are expected to a identify representative texts and authors from the regions of the philippines b write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts through imagery c show a sense of reflection on the filipino texts in confronting social political and moral issues of the country [Music] i hope that is clear and let us begin our lesson for today is identifying representative texts and authors from the regions of the country let us have a short introduction the country's rich repertoire of literary masterpieces may be rooted in the diverse cultural heritage of the filipino people they have produced varied texts because of differences the mighty roar of the north and to the fiery empirement of south blended wealth the filipinos speak of the collective experiences from the people who have gone through difficulties triumphs struggles successes armed conflicts bloodless revolutions and others it is the reason why these masterpieces resonated loud and clear in the philippine archipelago let us have a taste of philippine poetry let us begin at the first region which is luzon located in the northwest of luzon the ilocos region or region one is comprised of four provinces namely locos norte [Music] it is bordered to the west by the turbulent south china sea to the east by the cordillera administrative region the north east and south east by cagayan valley in the south by central luzon most of the inhabitants of the ilocano homeland are concentrated along a narrow coastal plain because of geographical boundaries these people often experience heavy rains and violent typhoons especially during rainy seasons we all know that a moment of silence let us have one literary piece from someone in region one gabu is the title of this piece it depicts a coastline in ilocos that is constantly experiencing the battering restlessness of the sea the water that comes back to the shore seems furious and ruthless with its day-long bashing which havocs the wasteland being an archipelagic country the philippines knows the importance of water in the sea how about the taste of tagalog essay more popularly known as the calabarzon referring to the provinces of cabite laguna batangas rizal and kazon region 4a is home to tagalog speaking people in the philippines recognized all over the country for their bravery and fearlessness in battles calabarzon has participated actively in the country's fight for freedom and democracy it is home to many philippine hero foremost and among them a result of laguna mabini of batangas and aguinaldo of kobitik let's have a taste now of creative non-fiction from the region of visayas the island of visayas is one of the major geographical divisions in the philippines the other two being luzon and mindanao visayas is divided into western central and eastern the visayas region is comprised of several islands circling the visayan sea its people therefore share a sea-based culture and tradition that may be rooted in a strong religious foundation the dwelling place of many festivals such as dhati atihan dinagyang sinulog and mascara the visayas may indeed be considered as one of the cradles of philippine civilization [Music] let us have some examples of literary pieces and some authors from the different regions of the philippines here we are talking about the most remarkable the most well-known from the very past let's have doctrine cristiana it was an early book of roman catholic catechism written in 1593 by freyjuan de placencia and is believed to be one of the earliest books printed in the philippines yes indeed it is the first book printed in the philippines written by a friar whose picture is here let's have a locus region some other writers aside from the ones mentioned earlier is francisco lopez in fact the earliest no written iloco poems were the romances he translated from spanish he is also an augustinian friar in 1621 who published his own iloca translation of the doctrina christiana which is the first book to be printed in iloco another one from ilocos legion leona florentino she is considered by samus the national poetess of the philippines she also wrote nalpai annam nama on onshami pagasa or blasted home she is a filipino poet in the spanish and ilocano languages she is also considered as the mother of philippine women's literature and the bridge from oral to literary technician she is in the writing and empowerment to women another pride of illona's region pedro volcanic he was a filipino poet who is blind since birth and that did not stop him from making literary pieces he is also the father of ilocano literature he is the acknowledged author of the ilocano epic we all know biag milam let's proceed the region too do you know ines takagamayo she is a prize winner for her literary pieces she had her first prize for people of consequence in the don carlos palanca memorial awards for literature in 1970 she had second prize for tears melancholy focus literary contest in 1979 and another second prize four on friends european such hopes another don carlos palanca memorial awards for literature in 1973 another one from region 2 is fernando maramag an excellent poet and journalist in english he had a rich style and deep understanding of human nature he also wrote the poem the rural mid [Music] let's move on to region three anisha pascual he wrote juan mata and pascual is from arayat and this story that he wrote is something he has heard from an old pampangan woman from region 3 as well maharya garcia she did not write these stories but she narrated them those are so one the good guesser and so ends good luck let's proceed to legion four reyes and rizal manuel reyes from rizal narrated on the other hand jose rizal wrote legend of maria mckinning aside from noli and el phili [Music] region 5 mariano perfecto he is believed to be the father of beagle literature and he published also the first vehicle newspaper alcara barretta or the newest man still in region 5 merito bs penis he wrote the story ibalon the story talks about three stories of be called heroes or seems to be an example of epic region 6 western visayas literature this literature is also called the panayana literature and known for the myth here in western visayas the paktakon is a riddle while they call proverb puru baton [Music] region 7 vicente soto he is the father of cebuano he also wrote the first written sabuana literature entitled mamin [Music] region 8 claudualdo del mundo he wrote the poem on kanye let's proceed to the national capital region or ncr some examples of short stories and poems first by australia alfond magnificence footnote to youth by jose garcia villa and some poems by nick joaquin happy never after and the mark near [Music] that's all for today is everything clear so far those are all the literary pieces and famous authors who were remarkable in their own unique ways in the philippine literature you for joining today's class if you have questions kindly message your teacher through the contact details provided enjoy learning students god bless you thank you for watching don't forget to like share and subscribe [Music] bye