[Music] let's go over the major themes of the book starting with civilization versus savagery there is a focus on this internal battle between the need for civilization and the drive towards savagery in all of us the civilization side order life guided by rules basic respect for other human beings on the savagery side self-fulfillment basic needs willing to do anything to get them now the boys land on the island is civilized British schoolboys accustomed to school rules uniforms and a respect for authority they live in a seemingly civilised world that is in the midst of a brutal savage having left England to escape when some of the boys revert to savagery they can be seen as replicating what they've witnessed in the adult world now Ralph and his home represents civilization they create rules and live by them and their goal is to get off the island and back into the adult Island jacket is Hunters on the other hand represents savagery they're only interested in satisfying their base desires and they're ruled by fear of blood loss another important theme is loss of innocence this is a coming-of-age story a bildungsroman where the moral and psychological growth of a main character is under the microscope now when the boys arrive on the island they are innocent they're not used to building their own society all the effort and constraints that are a part of it as time goes on the boys change they paint their faces and they develop a blood lust and commit terrible acts at the end the boys cry recognizing the evil within themselves and humanity they are no longer innocent schoolboys another very important theme is the nature of evil Golding himself believed everyone has the capacity for inhumanity cruelty the boys youth gets lost in their horrific actions one might think the child would never do such awful things however everyone children included has an evil within even the littlest show their evil and that they can be cruel towards each other the youth to underscores Goulding's belief that evil itself is part of human nature and that it hasn't been fully realized through their socialization it is always a part of them and it's a part of all of us [Music]