Lecture Notes on Crime Patterns

Introduction

• Focus on patterns of crime based on social class, gender, and ethnicity.
• Covers both offending and victimization.
• Interaction available during live stream and possibility to catch up later.
• Transitioning focus to Paper 1 in upcoming sessions.

Multiple Choice Questions on Ethnicity and Crime

Institutional Racism

• McPherson Report: Suggested the Metropolitan Police was institutionally racist.
• Other reports include:
  • Sewell Report: Social mobility and ethnicity.
  • Lammy Review: Rates of imprisonment.
  • Scarman Report: Post-1981 riots ethnic diversity.

Myth of Black Criminality

• Associated with sociologist Paul Gilroy, not Stuart Hall.

Canteen Culture

• Phillips and Bowling: Explored higher rates of stop and search for black males.
  • Canteen culture reflects cultural norms in workplaces that might lean towards racism.

Crisis of Hegemony and Policing

• Stuart Hall et al: Examined impacts on policing, related to 1970s societal disorders.
  • Influenced by Taylor, Walton, and Young's fully social theory.

True or False Questions

• Less than 0.02% of domestic violence incidents resulted in conviction (True).
• In 2023, 70% of homicide victims were men (True).
• In 2023, 84% of victims of sexual offences were women (True).
• 96% of prisoners are male (True).

Social Class and Crime

Bubble Quiz Questions

• Theories explaining social class differences in criminality include:
  • Left realism, right realism, strain theory, and criminogenic capitalism.
• Victimization of working class people:
  • Conflict subcultures, criminal subcultures, broken windows theory.

Sociologists and White Collar Crime

• Sociologists associated with white collar crime: Laurene Snyder and Sutherland.
• Examples of white collar crimes: Money laundering, expenses fraud.
• Underreporting of corporate crime: Due to transgressive nature, reduced media focus, selective law enforcement, loss of reputation.

Gender and Crime

Concepts Explaining Gender Differences

• Reasons for fewer crimes by women: Sex role theory, gender deal, control theory, toxic masculinity.
• Chivalry thesis: Explains statistical but not actual difference in female crime rates.

Chilli Quiz

• Mild question: Law protects capitalist class interests (William Chambliss).
• State corporate crime: Explored by Kramer and Michalowski.
• Delabeling concept: Introduced by Nelkin.

Key Takeaways

• Emphasis on understanding conceptual frameworks and sociologists' theories.
• Importance of precise language in exam questions, particularly regarding victimization and offending.
• Gender differences in crime require careful analysis of sociological theories.

Next Steps

• Transition to focusing on Paper 1 in upcoming sessions.
• More live streams scheduled, including sessions before each exam.

These notes encapsulate the key points and discussions from the lecture on crime and sociological theories related to crime patterns. Use these to review important concepts and prepare for upcoming exams.