Coverage: Basics, Working, Structure, Applegate diagram, and Applications.
Basics
Two-Cavity Klystron Amplifier: Used to amplify RF or microwave signals.
Principle: Velocity modulation of electrons is used to create electron bunches for signal amplification.
Structure
Components:
Buncher Cavity: Connected with RF input signal.
Catcher Cavity: Connected with amplified RF output.
Cathode & Anode: Cathode connected to electron gun, generates electron beam by connecting to negative terminal. Anode (Collector) connected to positive terminal attracts electrons.
Drift Space: Area between two cavities where electrons drift.
Function:
Electrons are generated at the cathode and attracted towards the anode, passing through the cavities.
Working Principle
Velocity Modulation: Modulates electron velocity to create bunches.
Gap A: Electrons are velocity modulated here.
Gap B: Velocity modulated electrons are collected here.
Electron Bunching:
Early, Reference, and Late Electrons: Electrons arrive at different times based on velocity.
Electrons are bunched at the catcher cavity, amplifying the signal.
Applegate Diagram
Purpose: Illustrates velocity modulation and electron bunching.
Voltage Application: RF input signal applied across gaps.
Electron Behavior:
Early electrons appear at negative RF cycle.
Reference electrons appear at zero signal.
Late electrons appear at positive RF cycle.
Demonstrates how velocity modulation leads to electron bunching.
Applications
High Gain: Suitable for high power RF applications.
Pulsed Radar Systems: Used for short-duration high power RF signal transmission.
Satellite Communication: Used for long-distance, high power RF signal transmission.
Note: Two-cavity klystron amplifiers provide high gain, useful for specific high power requirements in communication and radar systems.
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