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David Kelley and Design Thinking

Jun 17, 2025

Overview

This lecture introduces David Kelley, founder of IDEO and pioneer of design thinking, highlighting his impact on product design and innovation through empathy-driven, collaborative methodologies.

David Kelley & IDEO

  • David Kelley founded IDEO, a leading design firm in Silicon Valley.
  • IDEO's inventions include the Apple computer mouse, standup toothpaste tube, and improved Pringles.
  • Kelley’s approach centers on “design thinking,” which combines human behavior with innovative design.

Design Thinking Principles

  • Design thinking encourages building on one another’s ideas in diverse, interdisciplinary teams.
  • Key elements include collaboration, diversity of backgrounds, and fostering a culture of idea sharing.
  • Prototyping and visualizing solutions are central to the process.
  • Empathy for users is the primary focus—understanding needs by observing real behavior.

Notable Projects & Impact

  • IDEO designed products for Apple (e.g., Apple III, Lisa, original mouse), Procter & Gamble, and more.
  • Innovations address real needs, such as a heart defibrillator that talks users through emergencies.
  • IDEO redesigned classroom chairs for Steelcase by observing how kids use and interact with furniture.
  • Current projects include improving access to clean water in India and Africa, and redesigning education systems.

Personal Journey & Stanford d.school

  • Kelley values hands-on problem-solving, influenced by his tinkering childhood.
  • He transitioned from engineering to Stanford’s Product Design program, blending art and engineering.
  • Co-founded the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design (d.school) at Stanford, dedicated to teaching design thinking across disciplines.
  • The d.school emphasizes collaborative problem-solving using design thinking methods, without granting standalone degrees.

Relationships & Influences

  • Kelley had a close professional and personal relationship with Steve Jobs, designing many early Apple products.
  • Steve Jobs encouraged Kelley through his cancer diagnosis, advising focus on proven medical treatments.
  • Kelley values family and mentorship, demonstrated in his work and personal life.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Design thinking — A human-centered approach to innovation that draws from empathy, prototyping, and multidisciplinary collaboration.
  • Prototyping — Creating models or mockups to visualize and test solutions quickly.
  • Empathy — Deep understanding of user needs and experiences through direct observation.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review design thinking basics and how empathy shapes product design.
  • Explore case studies of IDEO’s work for further understanding.
  • Consider observational research methods for your own design projects.