Lecture Notes: Max Weber's Types of Authority

Introduction

Max Weber's contributions to sociology include the concept of types of authority.
He studied large political institutions historically, observing how authority manifests in different societies.
Identified three types of authority: traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal.

Definition: Authority based on customs and traditions. People follow because "it's always been done this way."
Characteristics:
- Legitimacy is derived from custom and tradition.
- Often passed down through generations (e.g., parenting styles, monarchies).
- Pre-industrial societies relied heavily on traditional authority (e.g., kings ruling over peasants).
Modern Example: Patriarchy in the West.

Definition: Authority based on the leader's personal charm and appeal.
Characteristics:
- Leaders are worshiped or adored for their ability to reveal "truth" or possess "magical" qualities.
- Charisma can be positive or negative.
- Followers are often so enamored they do not question the leader.
Positive Charismatic Leaders: Jesus, Mother Teresa, Desmond Tutu.
Negative Charismatic Leaders: Hitler, Jim Jones (cult leaders).
Risks: Dangerous due to lack of questioning by followers.

Definition: Authority based on laws and regulations, often seen in contemporary societies.
Characteristics:
- Leaders are elected, their legitimacy anchored by election.
- Society is considered "rational," and leaders are expected to be backed by law.
- Citizens follow because they have chosen these leaders.
Interconnection with Charisma:
- Contemporary leaders need a level of charisma due to media influence.
- Leaders are expected to be photogenic and articulate.
Example: Elected officials in democratic societies.

Charismatic authority often intersects with rational-legal authority in contemporary media-driven societies.
Understanding these types helps comprehend the dynamics of authority in different societal contexts.