Computer Basics Course Notes

Course Overview

• Designed for beginners and those wanting to fill in knowledge gaps.
• Developed by gcfglobal.org.
• Topics are timestamped for easy navigation.

What is a Computer?

• An electronic device that manipulates information or data.
• Processes data as binary (ones and zeros).
• Combines data into complex forms like movies, websites, and games.

Components of a Computer

• Hardware: Physical parts (internal components, monitor, keyboard).
• Software: Instructions for hardware (web browsers, media players, word processors).

Types of Personal Computers

• Desktop: Stationary computer.
• Laptop: Portable, with similar capabilities.
• Common operating systems:
  • Windows (most common)
  • Mac OS (Macintosh)
  • Chrome OS (Chromebooks)

Other Types of Computers

• Smartphones & Mobile Devices: Typically use iOS or Android.
• Servers: Provide information to other computers on networks; vital for internet use.

Computer Ports and Buttons

• Power Button: Location varies (front, back, inside).
• Power Socket/Charging Port: Connects power supply.
• USB Ports: Connect peripherals (keyboards, printers, drives).
• Monitor Ports: Different connection types (HDMI, USB-C).
• Ethernet Port: For wired internet connection.
• Audio Jack: Connects headphones/speakers.
• Disk Drives: For CDs/DVDs/Blu-rays (not common in modern computers).

Basic Computer Parts

• Computer Case: Houses main components.
• Monitor: Displays content using video processor.
• Keyboard and Mouse: Input devices to interact with the computer.
• Laptops: Combine all parts into one unit with a built-in screen and keyboard.

Internal Components

• Motherboard: Main circuit board containing CPU and RAM.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit): Brain of the computer; processes information.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): Short-term memory for calculations.
• Hard Drive: Long-term storage for data; includes magnetic or solid-state drives.
• Power Supply Unit: Provides power to components; laptops have built-in batteries.
• Expansion Slots: For upgrading components (mostly in desktops).

Laptops vs. Desktops

• Portability: Laptops are portable; desktops are stationary.
• Setup: Laptops are easier to set up (open and use); desktops require more connections.
• Screen Size: Laptops typically have smaller screens.

Understanding Operating Systems (OS)

• OS enables interaction with computer hardware.
• Common OS: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, iOS, Android.
• Some applications are OS-specific.

Applications (Apps)

• Software programs that perform tasks.
• Mobile Apps: For smartphones/tablets.
• Desktop Apps: For computers (e.g., Microsoft Word, web browsers).
• Apps can be pre-installed or downloaded.

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

• Unpack all components.
• Connect monitor using the appropriate cable.
• Plug in keyboard and mouse (wired or wireless).
• Connect speakers/headphones.
• Connect power supply cables and power on the computer.

Internet Connections

• Dial-up: Slow, uses phone line.
• DSL/Cable: Faster broadband options.
• Fiber: Fastest broadband, but not always available.
• Cellular: Used by smartphones, can be home option.
• Set up Wi-Fi for multiple devices via a wireless router.

Cloud Storage

• Files are stored on internet servers (not on local computer).
• Accessible from any device with internet connection.
• Offers backup for files, protecting against loss.

Cleaning and Maintaining Your Computer

• Cleaning: Turn off/unplug before cleaning.
• Use compressed air for keyboards/mice.
• For monitors, use soft cloths (avoid liquid directly on screens).
• Keep airflow around the case unobstructed.

Protecting Your Computer

• Malware: Software designed to harm or steal information.
• Use antivirus programs (Norton, Kaspersky).
• Regularly update your software to protect against threats.

Ergonomics

• Position workspace to avoid strain:
  • Keep wrists straight when typing.
  • Monitor at eye level, about an arm's length away.
  • Take breaks (20-20-20 rule).

Browsing Safely on the Internet

• Beware of malicious sites and spam.
• Use secure websites (look for padlock symbol).
• Keep web browser updated for security.

Email Safety and Phishing

• Be cautious of spam emails.
• Verify suspicious emails by checking URLs manually.

Tracking and Privacy Concerns

• Websites track browsing habits using cookies.
• You can manage privacy settings in browsers.

Windows and OS X Navigation Basics

• Familiarize with desktop, taskbar, and menu options.
• Use shortcuts and taskbar for quick access to programs.
• Bookmarks and History: Use for easy site retrieval.

These notes summarize the key points covered in the computer basics course, including definitions, components, setup, internet connectivity, maintenance, and safety.