History: Anglo-Maratha Wars

Timeline

1. 1775-1782: First Anglo-Maratha War
2. 1803-1805: Second Anglo-Maratha War
3. 1817-1818: Third Anglo-Maratha War

First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782)

• Treaty: Treaty of Salbai (1782)
• Governor: Warren Hastings
• Important Question: First Anglo-Maratha War in SSC exam
• Key Points:
  • Who fought the war? Between Warren Hastings and Maratha leaders
  • Ended with the Treaty of Salbai
  • Key points of the treaty
• Assistant Governor: Raghunath Rao under house arrest

Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805)

• Governor: Lord Wellesley
• Treaty: Treaty of Bassein (1802)
• Key Points:
  • Strong alliance between Baji Rao II and the British
  • Signing of the Subsidiary Alliance
  • Defeat of Holkar and Sindhia
  • Holkar's extensive involvement in battles
  • Battles of Suji, Anjangaon, Daulgaon, and Rajghat

Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818)

• Governor: Lord Hastings
• Key Points:
  • Pindari issue and Anti-Pindari campaign
  • Major battles: Sitabuldi, Mahidpur, and Khadki
• Outcome: End of the Peshwa rule
• Treaty: Treaty of Mandsaur (1818)

Maratha Tactics

• Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxation system
• Roles of the Maratha state armies
• Prominent leaders
• Contributions of the Peshwas

Important Governors and Events

• Warren Hastings (1775-1782)
  • End of the First Anglo-Maratha War with the Treaty of Salbai
• Lord Wellesley (1803-1805)
  • Subsidiary Alliance and Treaty of Bassein
• Lord Hastings (1817-1818)
  • Suppression of the Pindaris and end of the Third Anglo-Maratha War

Questions Related to SSC and Other Exams

• Major questions and objective type questions
• First Anglo-Maratha War related questions frequently appear in exam papers
• Key treaties and their terms