Overview
The lecture traces the evolution of the American Dream, highlighting its historical roots, major changes, and ongoing significance in American culture and society.
Early Foundations (17th–18th Century)
- Early settlers sought religious freedom and new opportunities in North America.
- Land ownership and the possibility of a better life motivated migration and settlement.
- The Puritans aimed to create an exemplary society based on their religious values.
- The Declaration of Independence (1776) established ideals of equality, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
- Early American ideals emphasized shaping one’s destiny through hard work and determination.
19th Century: Expansion and Industrialization
- The American dream expanded with territorial growth (Louisiana Purchase, Oregon Trail, California Gold Rush).
- The Homestead Act of 1862 enabled more Americans to own land.
- The Industrial Revolution provided new employment and entrepreneurship opportunities.
- Figures like Carnegie and Rockefeller symbolized the "self-made man."
Early 20th Century: Popularization and Consumer Culture
- James Truslow Adams popularized "the American Dream" in 1931 as a land of opportunity for all.
- Consumer culture linked the dream to material success and home ownership.
- Suburban life with home ownership became a key symbol of success.
Mid-20th Century: Post-war Prosperity
- Post-WWII era considered the "Golden Age" of the American Dream due to economic growth.
- The GI Bill gave veterans access to education and housing, expanding the middle class.
- Suburban developments like Levittown symbolized prosperity.
- The civil rights movement sought to broaden the dream to include all Americans, regardless of race.
Late 20th Century to Present: Challenges and Changes
- Economic recessions and income inequality led to doubts about the attainability of the dream.
- The 2008 financial crisis highlighted the limits of hard work alone for success.
- The dream increasingly includes equality in education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability.
- Modern interpretations reflect diversity and inclusivity for immigrants, women, and minorities.
Key Terms & Definitions
- American Dream — The belief that anyone can achieve prosperity and upward mobility through hard work in a free society.
- Homestead Act — 1862 law granting land to settlers to encourage westward expansion.
- Self-made man — Someone who achieves success through personal effort rather than inheritance or privilege.
- GI Bill — U.S. law providing educational and housing benefits to WWII veterans.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the evolution of the American Dream for upcoming assignments or discussions.
- Prepare examples of how the American Dream has changed over time.