what's going down everyone thank you for checking out another Joe's Productions video today we're going to break down the European rivalries in North America and really one of the most important Wars you should know about the French and Indian War no matter which book you're using for aush this video is going to help you out with these topics so who are England's Colonial rivals in North America and the big one is France the father of New France is Samuel de Champlain he founded Quebec in 1608 one year after Jamestown you could see it right there on the map and all that area in the blue is eventually going to be part of New France they have a couple of different motives for colonization and the first key one is they're going to be very active in the fur trade economy and they're going to need very close relations with the native people in order to maintain this trade you're also going to see the arrival of Catholic Jesuit missionaries their goal is is to convert the native people to Catholicism we already mentioned the Dutch they're not a really big Colony they're rather small they're engaged in trade Commerce very diverse Colony more than half the people were not even Dutch and as a result the English take over that colony and New Amsterdam becomes New York Spain is also attempting settlements but very important to keep in mind when you're talking about New Spain in North America it's going to be very sparsely populated there's mainly going to be as you could see on the map right there some forts such as that in St Augustine but no major settlements because the bulk of Spanish colonization will take place in Latin America some key differences between the French Dutch and Spanish colonies versus the British make sure you know about these there are much fewer European settlers when it comes to the French the Dutch and the Spanish they don't bring the massive number of people that the English did in their 13 colonies the French the Dutch and the Spanish are going to have much more extensive trade alliances with American Indians um especially with regard to fur to be exported to Europe whereas in the English colonies not a lot of trade going down and finally intermarriage was much more common between the French and the Spanish and Native Americans than it was with the British very rare to have intermarriage between British and Native American people so in the early 18th century that's how the continent looked between really France Spain and England and there's going to be three colonial wars that occurred prior to the big one the French and Indian War and you don't really need to know all the details for these wars but let me just mention you have King Williams War you have Queen Anne's war and you have King George's War they're all named after the king that they took place during and all of them really are world wars they start over in Europe they spread the fighting spreads to America and other places and you got all sorts of things happening Georgia is attacked by Spain during one of these wars James oal Thorp defends The Colony um but these wars are secondary in the Americas they're mainly fought over in Europe at stake is control of the West Indies very lucrative trade in that region but also North America the 13 colonies and Canada so these wars are going to have consequences in different regions and as I already mentioned the first three wars were mainly fought in Europe while these wars are taking place there is this conep known as solitary neglect and this basically means the British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of their laws and regulations so things like the Navigation Acts are not being strictly enforced and that's because England's preoccupied with other issues both internally and externally and in the words of Michael Jackson solitary neglect meant the colonies were being just alone left alone another important development that's occurring is colonists looking for new land headed west across the Appalachian Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains kind of run along the east coast and they're moving further away from British control and they're also moving into territory claimed by France and that's going to really be the kind of backdrop for the situation that occurs in 1754 in the Ohio Valley so as colonists are moving into this Ohio Valley both the British and the French start building forts in this region you could see those forts on the map you have a French Fort called Fort Duan you have the British also building Forts and really the French are building forts in the Ohio Valley to try to stop these Colonial settlements and what ends up happening is a war begins when a Virginian by the name of Jorge Washington fights against the French and their Native American Allies the governor of Virginia sends a small militia under George Washington's leadership and he and his men engage in a battle but between the French and their native allies and this Sparks the French and Indian War this is a hugely important War the French and Indian war or the Seven Years War as it's known in Europe it will last for you'll never guess it seven years and it will have a dramatic impact on the relationship between the colonies and England you could see on the map the before and the after before we take a look at why this radical transformation takes place it's important to keep in mind that initially the war was a disaster for the British and the colonists the French and their Indian allies are kicking butt in order to try to deal with the war effort a Albany plan or meeting is called the British wanted to coordinate the war effort between them and the colonies and they wanted to help promote Colonial defense remember these 13 colonies were very kind of independent from one another how do we fight together so representatives from Seven colonies meet in Albany New York in 1754 at this intercolonial meeting and they got to figure out how are we going to beat France and they also have another purpose in meeting which is to get the powerful arqui tribe out of neutrality this tribe was very prominent in the New York area and they want to get them on the side of the British and the colonist Ben Franklin plays a key role at this alvany conference he develops the Albany Plan of Union and this was really intended to help coordinate Troop movements and to collect taxes and ultimately to promote Colonial Unity his famous Join or Die political cartoons one of the earliest if not the first in colonial America and in spite of it being really awesome and stressing the importance of unity Colonial jealousy and a tradition of not working together led to the plan being rejected the colonist basically saying No thank you we don't really want to work together what is important though about the Albany Plan is it established a precedent for later meetings in cooperation and ironically enough later on these colonies will be meeting to discuss not France but rather resistance against England eventually the war starts turning in the favor of the British and the colonist you got a guy by the name of William pit who starts doing some things and the continent that once looked like this in 1750 following the Treaty of Paris in 1763 looks like this what happened to to 1763 is a hugely important year it is the official year of the peace of Paris England gains French territory all the way from Canada down into Florida which was acquired from Spain they also take French Land from the Appalachian Mountains all the way to the Mississippi River you do see Spain acquiring French territory west of the Mississippi River and France is effectively kicked out of North America they do maintain a small Colony over here in Haiti a very profitable Colony more on that a little bit later once again this is a huge Turning Point England established supremacy of North America big idea 1763 not only is the Treaty of Paris but it also is the start of a lot of drama solitary neglect will come to an end following the French and Indian war in the year you guessed it 1763 the colonists who had grown accustomed to a large measure of autonomy freedom to do as they wanted are now going to find England assuming direct control over the colonies a lot of things are going to change in 1763 because as I said it is a turning point in the relationship between the colonies and England one of the big things that's going to change is England will emerge from the war the seven years war with massive debt and this will lead to a whole host of taxes being passed England's going to seek to consolidate their Imperial control over the North American colonies and one of the ways they're going to do this is through taxes we'll cover that in our next video another key thing that happens in 1763 is pontiac's rebellion and remember the native people lost a valuable trading partner when France was kicked out England's not really trading with the native people like France was not only that but native people have to worry about colonists moving into their land at a much more rapid Pace as a result pontiac's Rebellion takes place Pontiac was an Ottawa chief he forged a western Confederation and he Rebels against colonists encroaching on native land this Rebellion takes place throughout the frontier as Colonial settlements are attacked there is horrible violence taking place throughout the frontier and some colonists take matters into their own hands and this is where you have the Paxton Boys these were Western Pennsylvania colonists they're mainly Scots Irish immigrants and they start randomly attacking native people they're a vigilante group they start demanding that the colonial government do something about these attacks and the Paxton Boys eventually march to Philadelphia demanding the government address their grievances they want protection in this process though they start murdering innocent native people who had nothing to do with pontiac's Rebellion eventually the British are forced fored to send in additional troops to stop pontiac's rebellion and to protect the colonists you could see the huge increase of troops taking place especially in the Ohio Valley all the way up into Canada and of course troops cost money eventually pontiac's Rebellion is defeated and this leads pontiac's Rebellion leads to the British passing a very important act called The Proclamation Act of 1763 this was intended to prevent hostilities between Native Americans and colonists but it's going to create bitter feelings remember all this used to be Frances now it's England here's what it did it prohibited colonist from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains it basically drew a line that said colonist you can not go past this line the British felt that if they move west that this would lead to conflict and cost the crown more money and colonists were angry and openly defied the British policy they are moving West regardless of this Proclamation and this is creating more and more tension and it's really important you know the differences between the British and the colonist views following the French and Indian war in the minds of the British they were disappointed in the colonial military contributions to the French and Indian War they felt that the colonists were unable and unwilling to defend themselves on the frontier and the war started in North America unlike those other three Wars and the outcome benefited the colonists so they should help pay for it and that's going to lead to to new taxes and also policies such as the Proclamation Act of 1763 wars were expensive you need troops in North America so the colonists should pay their fair share don't forget as well that the war marks the end of solitary neglect so that means the enforcement of the Navigation Acts and other laws the colonists were used to not abiding by and as a result following the war they the British are going to assume direct control over the colonies in the minds of the colonists they felt they had contributed to the defense of the colonies in all four of the wars they felt they fought bravely and they wanted access to the New Frontier land since the French are gone and the British policies were violating their Liberties so you could see this tension starting to build up however it's important to note intercolonial disunity remains strong the colonists are not calling for or even discussing Independence yet but the tensions are starting to mount that's going to do it for today I hope you learned a whole bunch and if you did click like on the video tell your friends about the channel and make sure you subscribe and if you're ever in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania home of the Steelers check out the site of the original Fort Duane the French fort in the Ohio Valley until next time have a beautiful day peace