Properties of Matter and Their Measurement

Jul 30, 2024

Properties of Matter and Their Measurement

Introduction

  • Topic: Properties of matter and their measurements
  • Categories: Physical properties and chemical properties

Physical Properties

  • Definition: Properties that can be measured and observed without changing the composition of matter.
  • Examples:
    • Color
    • Odor
    • Boiling point
    • Density
    • Volume

Measurement System

  • SI System
  • Seven Base Physical Quantities:
    1. Mass:
    • Symbol: m
    • Unit: kg (kilogram)
    1. Length:
    • Symbol: l
    • Unit: m (meter)
    1. Time:
    • Symbol: t
    • Unit: s (seconds)
    1. Electric Current:
    • Symbol: I
    • Unit: A (ampere)
    1. Thermodynamic Temperature:
    • Symbol: T
    • Unit: K (kelvin)
    1. Amount of Substance:
    • Unit: mole
    1. Luminous Intensity:
    • Unit: candela (cd)

Derived Physical Quantities

  1. Volume:
    • Unit: m³ (commonly used: liter)
    • Conversions:
      • 1 liter = 1000 ml = 1000 cm³ = 1 dm³
  2. Density:
    • Formula: Mass/Volume
    • Common Units:
      • kg/m³ (SI Unit)
      • g/cm³ (chemistry usage)
  3. Temperature:
    • Scales: Degree Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin
    • Conversions:
      • F = 9/5°C + 32
      • K = °C + 273
  4. Pressure:
    • Formula: Force/Area
    • SI Unit: N/m²
    • Other Units: atm, torr
    • Conversions:
      • 1 atm = 101325 Pa = 760 torr

Prefixes in SI System

  • Prefixes and Powers:
    • Deci (d): 10⁻¹
    • Centi (c): 10⁻²
    • Milli (m): 10⁻³
    • Micro (µ): 10⁻⁶
    • Nano (n): 10⁻⁹
    • Pico (p): 10⁻¹²
    • Femto (f): 10⁻¹⁵
    • Deca (da): 10¹
    • Hecto (h): 10²
    • Kilo (k): 10³
    • Mega (M): 10⁶
    • Giga (G): 10⁹
    • Tera (T): 10¹²
    • Peta (P): 10¹⁵

Chemical Properties

  • Definition: Properties observed during a chemical change, altering the matter's composition.
  • Example: Reaction of a chalk piece with a substance, changing its composition from CaCO₃ to other substances.

Conclusion

  • Summary: Understanding physical and chemical properties along with measurement systems are foundational concepts in chemistry.
  • Next Topic: Scientific notation (covered in the next video)

Full transcript