and it breaks down proteins into short peptides that are then going to be broken down further now there's a whole bunch of enzymes that are um made in the pancreas uh remember these are going to be our big guns the ones in the pancreas but there's also um some intestinal enzymes that are going to play a role here as well now the ones in the pancreas let me move to a new sheet here so our pancreatic enzymes for protein digestion are going to be um trypsin oh gin kaimo trypsin pro-e last taste and pro-carboxy peptidase okay so all these and there's actually a few others if we look at them they all start with pro or the end in gen so they're inactive as they're released from the pancreas and the pancreas is attached to the small intestine so these are going to all enter the small intestine inactive and that prevents them from digesting the pancreas okay in the small intestine there is an enzyme called enterokinase that activates this guy so we have trypsinogen and enterokinase in the small intestine is going to convert trypsinogen into trypsin and then trypsin is going to activate all these other guys and they do their job and they're basically going to be breaking down proteins between specific amino acids okay so chymotrypsinogen becomes chymotrypsin prolapse states becomes elastase and carbic pro carboxypeptidase becomes carboxypeptidase now there are two um in addition to the enterokinase there are two enzymes found in the small intestine called dipeptidase and aminopeptidase so as far as trypsin chymotrypsin and elastase they're gonna maybe they cut between a tryptophan and an alanine or between you know usually they'll have a couple that they'll be able to cut the protein so if we have these little bits here you know maybe they cut it one will cut it there so now we have this and this and they break them down into smaller pieces when it comes to this guy carboxypeptidase and the aminopeptidase they are going to if we go back to the picture remember protein is going to start with an amino group of the first guy and end with the carboxylic acid the last guy so here we have the amino group of amino acid one and then we have we have amino acid two three four five six and here's our carboxylic acid of number six carboxypeptidase goes on the carboxyl side and removes amino acids one at a time aminopeptidase goes through the neoside the beginning of it and removes them one at a time so this guy then you would have and we'd have amino acids 6 here and amino acid 1 there that had been removed then amino peptidase is going to cut this guy off carboxy peptidase is going to cut that guy off and then we're gonna end up with just three and four bonded together and that's where dipeptidase comes in and breaks that bond so basically aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase are each cleaving one at a time plucking one off the end opposite ends of the same peptide until you get down to two and that's when dipeptidase is going to break that bond right so the other guys are going to cleave at specific spots and we don't need to know about that but these guys the amino peptidase and carboxy carboxypeptidase are going to so the amino guy is going to start on this side and the carboxyl guy is going to start on that side and they're going to pluck one after another after another off until there's only two left and then the dipeptidase is going to break that down okay and i'm going to give you a chart you can fill out and things like that for this and you know i realize that this is kind of heavy duty stuff and that's why i'm doing it and recording it so that you can listen to it when your brain isn't all full of respiratory stuff but at least i know that we went over this and that it's available to you okay so the next one we're going to look at is and then all those amino acids and dipeptides go to the liver next one we're going to look at is i think i'll do nucleic acids remember nucleic acids the monomer subunit is a nucleotide and this is dna and rna um deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid and a nucleotide consists of sugar sugar ribose sugar so it's a five carbon sugar that doesn't really matter sugar a phosphate and a nitrogen containing base which would be a g c t for dna and aduc for rna the sugar and the phosphate form the backbone sp for sugar phosphate and then the nitrogen containing base is going to be the rung that sticks out in the center and when you have two of these guys you're going to form a bond between them by losing a water dehydration synthesis and when you break the bond you're going to add the water back hydrolysis okay and so dna is double-stranded rna single-stranded and we've already had enough stuff about dna and rna that you should know you should have a good understanding of them okay so the enzymes that are going to break down dna and rna come from the pancreas and these enzymes are easy peasy d and ace and r and eighths and they break it down into nucleotides now the nucleotides are actually broken down a little bit further but this is so um and they're actually the phosphate is removed from stuff but this is good enough for us dna spreaks down dna rnase breaks down rna these are pancreatic enzymes that are released into the small intestine where they do their work