so this is chapter 1 focusing on the cavities of the body we have two large cavities in the body we have the dorsal cavity in the ventral cavity the dorsal cavity is gonna be the cavity in the back of the body it's the one that's in yellow and it contains an area for your brain that's specifically in the cleaning of poverty and your spinal closed that's specifically in your vertebral cavity Hey both of these are gonna be more specific cavities that are found within the larger dorsal cavity now your dorsal cavity is gonna be lined with a special membrane called meninges so y'all probably heard a meningitis meningitis is just inflammation of the membranes the meninges that line your dorsal cavity so they're gonna line your brain and your spinal cord the outside of them which basically means they're lining the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity then you have your ventral cavity your ventral cavity is gonna be the entire cavity in the front of your body so it's pretty large it's gonna contain all the organs in this area your ventral cavity is made up of two large cavities that will be subdivided into a more organized fashion so the top part the thoracic cavity right here is going to be blue in the picture and it's gonna contain your lungs and your heart your thoracic cavity is separated from your abdominal pelvic cavity the very important muscle called the diaphragm the diaphragm physically separates your thoracic cavity from the abdominal pelvic cavity your abdominal pelvic cavity is really large and it contains two sub cavities the abdominal cavity and in the pelvic cavity since there is no physical separation between the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity we often just refer to them as the larger abdominopelvic cavity so basically where your hips are is where the cavities will be separated from each other now your thoracic cavity and your abdominal pelvic cavity make up your ventral cavity your ventral cavities mean line by serous membranes the serous membranes is gonna be composed of simple squamous epithelium we also refer to this as mesothelioma there's gonna be two layers of serous membranes that are gonna be found lining these cavities we call them the parietal layer and the visceral layer the visceral layer is the layer that actually will be touching the organ within the ventral cavity the parietal layer will be forming a pouch around the organ within the ventral cavity now these two layers are going to be separated by a fluid and we call this the serous fluid and what this does is it helps reduce friction between the two layers when the organs move so they don't rub together the serous membranes are going to be named for their location in the body so the three major ones are a pericardial pleural and peritoneal the pericardial in the pleural are gonna be found within the thoracic cavity pericardial is going to surround the heart pleural is gonna surround the lungs and then the peritoneal cavity this is going to be found lining your entire abdominal pelvic so this is a little confusing so what we're gonna do is we're going to demonstrate and talk about how we name them and where are these layers really located what we see is a enlarged picture of your thoracic cavity so remember the thoracic cavity is going to be the blue and it's separated from your abdominal pelvic a so all this green right here this is your abdominal pelvic cavity so this has nothing to do with your thoracic cavity now in your thoracic cavity there are a lot of different structures but the most important ones are your heart and then the lungs right along so surrounding each of these is gonna be two layers of serous membranes but we can't just call them the visceral layer in the parietal layer we have to call them based on the organ they surround so what we see here is your heart even is surrounded by the polio cardio cavity remember there are two layers to the pericardial cavity we got the visceral layer and the parietal layer the visceral layer is the one that touches the organ so you can follow this line from the visceral pericardium and you see as the inside black line touching the heart and then the parietal layer is the one forming a pouch around the organ you can follow that line is he's the outside black long line surrounding the heart within the pericardial cavity we're going to have the serous fluid so all that red space between those two lines is gonna be the serous fluid within the pericardial cavity now this is gonna be the same naming for your pleural cavity except your pleural cavity is referring to the lungs so we're gonna have two different lungs we have a right in left long so we have a right and left pleural cavity and if you remember pleural cavities are they have two layers this wheel and parado divisive layers the layers so it's the outside a lot lying around along between them even pigs face serious fluid the reduce friction so we have the right and left visceral plural in the right and left parietal plural cavity we also have the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium okay now let's do the heart first since it's a little bit easier the horn is known as the pericardial cavity and we're gonna have two layers we're gonna delay that touches the heart this layer is known as the whistle for Carnaval but it rid of the layer that surrounds the heart the layer that surrounds the heart is known as the parietal pericardial they notice that it's really important that you write pericardial because you're going to have a parietal and visceral layer on every single organ within the ventral cavity so you want to make sure that you could distinguish are you talking about the hearts the lungs are the abdominal pelvic organs and you're gonna have two layers the visceral pleura which touches the lung and then the parietal pleura which surrounds the long these are going to be exact same for the left side now what are we going to find between the two layers if you said for fluid you're absolutely correct now your abdominal pelvic cavity organs you're going to have most of the digestive organs reproductive organs urinary organs so lots and lots of different organs are within the abdominal pelvic cavity now this makes it a little bit easier all of the organs are going to be surrounded by the same membrane name we call it the peritoneum so if I go back to this slide we can see it right there the peritoneum is gonna have two layers the visceral and the plural and every organ within the abdominal pelvic cavity will be named visceral peritoneum or parietal peritoneum so the stomach the intestines your liver they're all going to be surrounded by the same peritoneum the visceral peritoneum of the and the parietal peritoneum all the organs that we can see in the abdominal pelvic cavity of course what you're not seeing is some of the reproductive organs or the kidneys or the urethra now are they are the ureters but all of these organs [Music] the layer that's touches on is which one he said visceral you're right the layer that surrounds bone is fun but we can't deceive this role parietal cuz your heart and lungs have those two so which one is it visceral and the parietal peritoneum now this is also a good picture because it gives you an idea where the organs are the a sending colon means it's going up and you can see hanging off of the a sending colon is the appendix that's always me on the right side of the body the transverse colon so this is an era and right here this should say transverse let's see if we can fix it right now so that's the transverse colon means is going across then we have the descending colon which goes down the left side of the body a sending goes up the right transverse goes across descending goes down the left now the reason this is important is because this is going to help you answer questions about dividing your abdominal pelvic cavity into regions and quadrants quadrants are a lot easier so we'll start off here looks like that green be your diaphragm and then we're going to divide the abdominal pelvic quadrants into four spots okay so this is a pretty broad area and we can see that each quadrant contains multiple organs which is makes it better for you because you've got multiple choices to be correct so a question I can ask is where is the appendix which quadrant is the appendix located in and you would say right lower which quadrant is your gallbladder located in you would say right upper which quadrant is your liver located in well your liver if I asked you what the descending colon was in remember descending is going down so again the dicen other people it could be in both the left upper and the lower so knowing your organ placement is important and this one's a little bit easier the quad the abdominal pelvic regions are a little bit more difficult because there's nine of them and they look like a tic-tac-toe grid remember all the organs that we can talk about there will be the organs literally the diaphragm and we can see that each of these regions abdominal pelvic regions is named something very specific okay so what is the epigastric epi means above gastric means stomach we can see right here that here's the stomach so this is the stomach right here so this region is mostly above the stomach the umbilical region gets its name basically for your umbilical cord the hypogastric hypo means below a gastric stomach is the region way below the stomach also this region is known as the pubic region for your pubic bones which were right here you can use whichever name you want cubic or hypogastric then we have [Music] so you can use either one your lumbar the word lumbar means lower back so your right and left lumbar region or basically the area where your lower back is located and then you have your right and left hypochondriac region Kandra means cartilage hypo means beneath or below so if you look real carefully you're going to see your ribcage and you can follow the ribs and the cartilage of your rib cage right here so what this is telling us is that the right and left hypochondriac region are referring to the organs that we basically find beneath the rib cage so if I wanted to ask you which abdominal pelvic region the stomach is in what would you tell me if you thought love topic on throughout your correct what about the a sending colon a sending goes up on the right if you said any of these there's a little piece of the eighth-inning colon right here big piece in the lumbar region and then it actually goes like there so there was still some in the right hypochondriac region if I said most of your small intestines if it's an umbilical region you're correct so it's really important to know the placement of your organs so you can answer the region's abdominal pelvic regions that are domina pelvic quadrant questions correctly okay you will be required to know the markings and the regions of the body a lot of these are familiar to you but some of them will be new [Music] of the face because these are gonna be often seen in names of your muscles okay and then that's the anterior view the front DC also want to be familiar with the dorsal of youth okay with the dorsal view pay attention to popliteal and then a lot of these names right here by the name so we're gonna phone on your bones so make sure you pay attention to those two last are directions basically directions are used in reference to each other so we have been paired still being further away parks will be in closer this one is referring to the point of origin so when we start talking about your your arm this is the torso area on the top this is your point of origin so no matter how you make your fingers touch your body you still have to follow the pathway from the point of origin to your fingers so even if you make your Shing fingers touch your shoulder your fingers are still considered distal to the shoulder because we have to follow that pathway okay opposites lateral to the side medial and lateral to the side superior means towards the top so your head is superior to your neck the nose the superior to your inferior means towards the bottom so your knee is inferior to your groin okay these again are really important you want to make sure that you pay attention to those and that is the end the chapter one