Hey all welcome to homeschool and welcome back to class 11 chemistry series. I am with the chapter organic chemistry. I have already completed two videos on this particular chapter. In video number one I discussed everything about introduction and how to find hybridization of every carbon atom in an organic molecule.
And in video number 2, I have discussed about structural representation of organic molecule. How to write condensed formula, structural formula and bond line representation, right? So that is the most important aspect one must learn that is bond line representation of an organic molecule. If you have not yet watched video, links are provided in the description.
And one thing I want to tell you is Many students kept on asking us how to find a particular video, how to find a particular chapter. And they said that they are finding it difficult to search for a particular chapter or a particular video among so many videos in a channel. So I made a video. About our website and the website link is also provided in the description You can search any chapter any video from the website easily So don't forget to click on our website if you want to find the topics easily you can just click the website and you select your class you will have the subjects and you select a particular subject you will have number of chapters and when you click on a particular chapter you know the different parts that are there in a chapter will come in front of you and you can go through whichever the topic that you want to refer right So in every video, this website link is provided in the description.
So don't neglect. If you want to avoid the confusion of checking the videos, please go through the website. Okay, so coming to today's video, I am with a very small topic, but it important to understand this topic that is classification of organic compounds.
So let me discuss today how we have classified organic compounds. Classification of organic compounds. Okay, see guys, we know that there are crores of organic compounds in our nature.
To study them in a convenient way, to understand them in the easiest way, we must classify them into certain categories. Only then we can study them easily and we can compare the properties between the various organic compounds easily, right? So let's understand the classification in an elaborate way.
All together you know the entire organic compounds can be divided into two categories mainly. One is acyclic compound or open chain compounds and another one is cyclic. cyclic or we can also call it as closed chain compounds okay So organic compounds are broadly classified into acyclic.
That means no cyclic. Okay. Compound is not in a ring form. Okay.
It's an open chain structure. So acyclic or open chain and cyclic or closed chain. And again this cyclic or closed chain can be categorized as you know homocyclic. Homo cyclic or we can also call it as carbo cyclic compounds.
And here heterocyclic compound. Heterocyclic. Okay.
So closed structures are again classified into homo cyclic and heterocyclic. This homocyclic again can be classified as allocyclic. Allocyclic and aromatic compounds.
Okay. And coming to aromatic again classified into benzenoid. Benzenoid. and non-benzinoid non-benzinoid structures okay so this is how we will classify the organic compounds fine and now let let us discuss about each and every category briefly with examples and coming to a cyclic or open chain structures okay say a cyclic name only says it is not a cyclic okay not cyclic they are all open chain structures you okay for example see observe these examples here ch3 ch2 ch3 right so when you have a straight chain structures then they are called as a cyclic okay or observe this ch3 ch double bond ch ch ch3 cvh you know you may have branches you may have functional group and remember acyclic compounds can be saturated or unsaturated right and you know what do you mean by the word saturated right saturated in the sense what having all single bonds saturated in the sense having all single bonds unsaturated means what Unsaturated means having double bond or triple bond in a compound. If you see the first example, it is saturated one.
If you see the second example, you see double bond is there. So it is unsaturated one. okay so or one more example you can observe ch3 c double bond o ch ch3 again ch4 you see here functional groups are there branches are there you may have single bonds you may have double bonds okay as long as you find a straight chain or a branched chain you know they all will come under a cyclic or open chain organic compounds okay fine And the second category is cyclic or closed chain compounds. Okay.
So that means that the carbon atoms or any other atom, you know, if they are connected in a cyclic way, then they are called cyclic or closed chain. Chain is not open. Chain is closed in the form of a ring. Okay. We can call these type of organic compounds as ring organic compounds.
Okay. Fine. Again this cyclic or closed chain or ring compounds are classified into homocyclic and heterocyclic.
Okay so let us understand the meaning of the word homocyclic. So what do you mean by homocyclic here? Homocyclic in the sense ring.
is made up of made up of same atom same type of atom okay then it is called as homocyclic see you know It was also called as carbocyclic, isn't it? So what do you mean by carbocyclic? You know, if ring is made up of only carbon, then it is called as carbocyclic. For example, you see these.
CH2, CH2, CH2, right? Say the ring is made up of carbon. Carbon has bonds with hydrogen. But the ring, ring is made up of carbon, right?
Say initially carbons were joined in the form of cyclic way. To the carbons, hydrogens can be attached, right? So, if the ring has only carbons or you observe this structure. CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 you see this the ring carbon atoms are arranged in the form of a ring and each carbon atom has hydrogen that's a different issue okay but the core ring is made up of carbon so then such structures are called homocyclic or carbocyclic okay and now what do you mean by heterocyclic okay you observe these examples guys you observe these examples you see here say this is a bond line representation right it means that everywhere carbon is there here carbon carbon carbon right but the Overall ring is not just made up of carbon. One of the atom is different other than carbon, right?
In a ring along with the carbon, you have other atoms also. Okay, hetero means what? Different atom. So, what do you mean by heterocyclic? In a ring, in a ring, if other atom is there then it is called as heterocyclic okay so another example i can show you you know this one right this is actually called as pyridine and this compound is called as thiophene okay like that you have lots of heterocyclic compound you see here everywhere carbon is there four carbons are there and fifth one is sulfur right so the full ring is not just made up of carbon more number of carbons okay but other atom is also there in a ring so it is called as heterocyclic compound So hope you got to know the difference between homocyclic and heterocyclic.
In homocyclic or carbocyclic, the structure of a ring is just made up of carbons. Whereas in heterocyclic, the structure of a ring is not just made up of carbon. You will have other atoms like nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen also. okay so there can be oxygen also present okay so this compound we will call it as oxyrain okay so other than carbon and other than carbon if you have nitrogen sulfur and oxygen as one of the atom in a ring then it is called as heterocyclic compound okay fine and now coming to alicyclic compound okay so again in homocyclic we have two types one is alicyclic and aromatic right coming to alicyclic alicyclic in the sense okay see these examples this one and this one they they will come under alicyclic that means they are actually saturated one okay they are actually saturated and you don't have alternative double bonds here okay when you don't have alternative double bonds if they are saturated you know they are called as allicyclic compound okay clear so here whatever the examples actually this is called cyclopropane cyclopropane and this compound was called as cyclohexane okay This is cyclohexane. Okay.
So you don't have any double bonds. Okay. So they are in a cyclic form, saturated.
You don't have any alternative double bonds. Then they are called as alicyclic compound. Okay.
And now coming to aromatic category. Okay. I'll explain aromatic in a sense.
The best example for aromatic compound is, you know, benzene. Benzene is the best example here. So how do you draw the structure of benzene?
Like this, right? Say in benzene you will find the entire ring is made up of carbon. Carbon has, each carbon has one hydrogen definitely. So this is the elaborate structure of benzene.
And if you see it is highly unsaturated and double bonds are alternative. You have alternate, see one double bond, one single bond, one double bond, one single bond, one double bond, one single bond. So this is how.
how alternative single and double bonds you will observe. in aromatic compounds. And there are many conditions for saying compound is aromatic.
So one such condition is they should have alternative double single double single moths. And the word aromatic means smell. So these compounds have a very peculiar smell. That is why they were called as aromatic. And there are many conditions which you will study in later videos especially in the hydrocarbons.
There is a topic called aromatic compounds. There you will study when and why exactly you will call some compound as aromatic. But as of now just remember if a compound has alternative double single, double single then definitely it can be called as aromatic. So again in aromatic you have two categories. One is benzenoid and non-benzenoid.
Benzene and benzene type of structures if you have say for example this is benzene. Benzene itself is an example for benzenoid structure. And another example I can give you here. See observe this example here.
See two benzene rings I have combined with each other. So this is an example for benzenoid structure. Okay, so in any organic compound if benzene and benzene type of structures are there, then they are called as benzenoid. Okay, non-benzenoid.
So what do you mean by non-benzenoid? Non-benzenoid in the sense just observe this particular example guys. This one you observe. See this one.
This one you see, right? Is it a benzene? Benzene is actually six member drink, right? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. But this one you see, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Seven member drink. It cannot be called as a benzene, right?
So, but it is aromatic. But it is aromatic because alternative single and double bonds are there. Okay, so aromatic but it is not a benzene. It doesn't look like a benzene.
Then such organic compounds are called non-benzinite structures. Okay, so hope you got an idea about the different classes of organic compounds, right? So one quick summary, I'll do it here. Majorly our organic compounds are classified into acyclic and cyclic.
Acyclic in the sense these kind of structures, open chain, if they are not closed, then acyclic. They can be saturated or unsaturated. And cyclic or closed. again divided into homocyclic and heterocyclic. Here you must know a difference.
Homocyclic means the ring is made up of only carbon atoms. Ring contain, ring structure has been framed with Only carbon atoms, okay, then it is called as carbocyclic. Heterocyclic means the ring. Other than carbon, you may have other atoms like oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.
Then they are called heterocyclic, okay. So usually, you know, most of the natural substances that you observe in animals and plants belong to heterocyclic compounds. Okay, so they have wide use in the field of medicine.
Okay, so you will study about their chemistry separately in higher classes. Right. So now we don't worry too much about heterocyclic. Just understand the meaning of the word heterocyclic.
That is more than enough. And later, you know, your homocyclic or carbocyclic is again divided into allocyclic. Allocyclic means like this. They are almost saturated. okay they are not aromatic they do not obey any conditions of aromatic but they are cyclic okay other one is aromatic there are certain conditions for saying a compound is aromatic one such condition is if a compound has alternative single double single double then aromatic okay aromatic again two types benzenoid non-benzinoid benzenoid in the sense benzene and benzene related compounds are called benzenoid structures and uh if if the ring is not of benzene type if it's a seven member drink eight member drink it doesn't look like a benzene but still aromatic then it is called as non-benzinoid structures okay so this is the classification of organic compounds fine and in my next video i will come up with the most important topic of the chapter i can say the most important topic of entire organic chemistry very much fundamental you are you pack nomenclature okay so definitely i will explain are you pack nomenclature in a detailed way okay in a systematic way in a particular order so don't miss out the videos on are you back nomenclature definitely after watching these videos your confidence levels will increase in naming organic compounds okay so any tricky question or any tricky compound you can name it very very easily so i'm i'm not here to confuse you with the names i'm teaching you in a systematic way according to a plan if you can follow this systematic way and the plan definitely the study of nomenclature will become more easier so don't miss the next videos it is on are you pack nomenclature clear and do subscribe our channel to learn the concepts in the easiest way and in a detailed way thank you so much meet you all in the next video