FREE LABOR IDEOLOGY •• FREE LABOR VS. SLAVE LABOR •• SOCIAL MOBILITY, INDUSTRY, AND SELF-DISCIPLINE
THE LIFE OF DRED SCOTT •• THE ISSUES •• A RIGHT TO SLAVE PROPERTY IN THE TERRITORIES? •• WERE AFRICAN-AMERICANS CITIZENS? •• CHIEF JUSTICE ROGER TANEY’S DECISION •• FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CANNOT BAN SLAVERY •• AFRICAN-AMERICANS COULD NOT BE CITIZENS •• MISSOURI COMPROMISE UNCONSTITUTIONAL •• NORTHERN REACTION
JOHN BROWN AT HARPERS FERRY, 10/1859 •• “I DENY EVERYTHING BUT WHAT I HAVE ALL ALONG ADMITTED: OF A DESIGN ON MY PART TO FREE SLAVES.” •• TERRORISM OR JUSTIFIED ACTION? •• THE ELECTION OF 1860 •• LINCOLN (REPUBLICAN) VS. DOUGLAS (NORTHERN DEMOCRAT) VS. BRECKINRIDGE (SOUTHERN DEMOCRAT) VS. BELL (CONSTITUTIONAL UNION)
LINCOLN ELECTED 11/1860, TAKES OFFICE 3/1861 •• SECESSION, 12/1860-5/1861 •• SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX/ VA, AR, NC, TN •• THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA •• SLAVERY AND THE CONFEDERATE STATE •• FORT SUMTER •• APRIL 12, 1861- WAR BEGINS
UNION ADVANTAGES •• POPULATION: UNION = 22.5 M; CONFEDERACY = 9.7 M •• INDUSTRY AND FINANCE (ESPECIALLY AVAILABLE BANK CAPITAL) •• TRANSPORTATION (ESPECIALLY RAILROADS) •• CONFEDERATE ADVANTAGES •• MILITARY EXPERIENCE (ESPECIALLY OFFICER CORPS) •• HOME FIELD ADVANTAGE (WAR FOUGHT IN CONFEDERATE TERRITORY) •• MORALE AND MOTIVATION (FOR INDEPENDENCE)
UNION STRATEGY: THE “ANACONDA” PLAN •• NAVAL BLOCKADE OF SOUTHERN PORTS •• SEAL OFF CONFEDERACY FROM EXPORTS •• CONFEDERATE STRATEGY •• DEFENSIVE TACTICS •• QUICK FRONTAL ATTACKS •• BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, 1863 •• DISCOURAGE NORTHERN MORALE
APPOMATTOX, APRIL 8, 1865 •• ROBERT E. LEE SURRENDERS TO ULYSSES S. GRANT •• LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION •• THE 13TH AMENDMENT, 12/1865 •• ABOLISHED SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE •• LOOKING TO RECONSTRUCTION •• 14TH & 15TH AMENDMENTS •• BLACK POLITICAL PARTICIPATION •• THE JIM CROW SOUTH
RECONSTRUCTION: UNFINISHED REVOLUTION, PART I •• 13TH AMENDMENT (12/1865) •• SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE ABOLISHED •• FREEDPERSONS AND RECONSTRUCTING FAMILIES •• PHYSICAL MOBILITY AND FREEDOM •• THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU, 3/1865 •• PROVIDE SERVICES FOR FREEDPERSONS •• DISTRIBUTED LAND TO 10,000 FREED FAMILIES •• FREEDPERSONS AND LABOR •• “40 ACRES AND A MULE”? •• THE FAILURE OF LAND REDISTRIBUTION •• THE RISE OF SHARECROPPING
ANDREW JOHNSON AND RECONCILIATION •• EASIER PARDONS FOR FORMER CONFEDERATES •• SOUTHERN WHITE RESISTANCE •• BLACK CODES •• RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION •• MILITARY OCCUPATION OF FORMER CONFEDERACY •• CIVIL RIGHTS ACT, 1866 •• 14TH AMENDMENT (1868): BLACK (MALE) CITIZENSHIP •• 15TH AMENDMENT (1870): BLACK (MALE) NATIONAL SUFFRAGE •• BLACK POLITICIANS IN STATE AND NATIONAL LEGISLATURES •• ESCALATING VIOLENCE •• FORMATION OF KKK
•• WHITE NORTHERN ATTITUDES •• NORTHERN DEMOCRATS AND WHITE DISINTEREST •• “CARPETBAGGERS”– WHITE NORTHERNERS IN THE RECONSTRUCTED SOUTH •• ULYSSES S. GRANT AND THE LIMITS OF RADICALISM •• EARLY 1870S: NORTHERN PUBLIC OPINION TURNING •• 1874: DEMOCRATS REGAIN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES •• COMPROMISE OF 1876: END OF RECONSTRUCTION •• THE “REDEEMERS” •• WHITE DEMOCRATS & THE RETURN TO “HOME RULE