so this video is going to deal with uh concepts of binary numbers and representation of uh different things within what they call one's complement and two's complement when you deal with binary numbers you don't always just use them in a weighted system so what we're going to do is treat these two math concepts first make sure that you understand them and later we'll go on to see how they're implemented so let's do the ones complement first if I have an 8-bit binary number and that number is zero one zero one zero zero zero one I can have a 16-bit number and a 32-bit number I could even have a three bit number if I want to just trying to pick something a little bit more practical and that's the binary number and I tell you to take the ones complemented at and I'm just gonna abbreviate it like this it's pretty easy thing to do because all you do is take all the zeros and make them ones and all the ones and make them zero so this zero becomes a one this one becomes a zero just take the opposite state of what it currently is and that's the ones complement pretty easy stuff now there's another concept called the twos complement and as I said we're going to stay in the math realm right now and just show you how to do these things we're not going to explain how they're going to be used we'll do that a little bit later so the two's complement just a little bit more complicated let's talk about how the process works let's pick an example to do that so let's put another binary number up here zero one zero one zero one one zero and I want to find the two's complement of that so what I do is um the two-step way is the first take the ones complement and we know how to do that right just change all these to the opposite and then to get the twos complement you have to add one this is by these are binary numbers binary editions easy right one plus one is zero carry the one and that's a one zero one zero one zero one and you would carry that one uh however you needed to get the answer and that's the two's complement of uh the original number and like I said it's a math concept right now and I ask you to get the two's complement of a number this is the process you would do there's a shortcut so let me erase this in between here this is the two-step method and it's nice to know because there's a little weird situation sometimes that some people don't like and they use a two-step method but um with the shortcut method we already know the answer let me explain the shortcut to you when you have a number and you want to take the two's complement of it if you take your hand and cover from the left hand side cover your hand over and up to include including the first one right so my hand would be over top of these so I can't see those and then what I do is what my hand isn't over I just do the ones complement like I did before and you can see that's going to go pretty good then I uncover my hand and just write this down and that's the shortcut method and it works it works every time and I know both methods like I said sometimes it gets you out of some quirky situations uh so let's do another example quick um to make sure that we understand this let me get my Eraser out here and we're going to do the two's complement again we're going to pick another number and I'm gonna pick one that's uh I know I see some people have trouble with or maybe a little bit okay I have eight bits again like I said I could have a bit number the problem is find a twos complement in this number I'm going to use the shorthand method so my hand's covering this covering this remember up to and including the first one so I'm covering all this up and the part that I don't cover up is one zero one and the part that I Do cover up just remains like it is okay the only way to check that really is to do the two-step method um that's the twos complement we we think that's right we're pretty confident but let's do the two-step method the two-step method is uh do the ones complement first right so this is the ones complement of that number and add one to it and we should get this answer right one and one is zero carry the one one and one is zero carry the one one and one is zero carry the one one and one is zero carry the one and one and zero is one and then one zero one so it checks out uh the shortcut method works every time so this these are Concepts called the ones complement and the twos complement remember how to do them they're math concepts they're going to be used for little shortcut tricks in the future so these two examples should get you uh pretty far along a line if you have more questions you'll you'll have to ask someone we're all available to help you with that and we'll see you in the future thank you very much