Overview
This lecture introduces the formal definition of computer architecture, explores its main components, and provides historical context with key figures who shaped modern computing.
Definition of Computer Architecture
- Computer architecture is the design of computers, including instructions, hardware components, and system organization.
- It is divided into Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) and Hardware System Architecture (HSA).
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
- ISA determines how machine language programs interact with the computer.
- ISA defines the set of instructions and their formats used by software to communicate with hardware.
- Different computers can choose different ways to process operations like addition, based on their ISA.
Hardware System Architecture (HSA)
- HSA deals with the organization of major hardware subsystems such as CPU, storage, and input/output.
- It covers both logical design and data flow among subsystems.
- Hardware is selected based on the ISA requirements (e.g., memory locations, add circuit).
Architecture vs. Implementation
- Architecture specifies the design and functionality; implementation refers to building the design with specific technology, speed, and cost.
- Multiple computers with the same ISA can run the same programs and are part of the same family.
- Implementation and architecture influence each other but are distinct concepts.
Historical Context
- Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, the first proposed general-purpose computing machine.
- Lady Ada Lovelace developed the first programming concepts for Babbage's machine.
- Augustus De Morgan taught Ada Lovelace and contributed to Boolean algebra.
- Alan Turing defined computability and is known as the father of computer science and AI.
- John von Neumann designed the classic computer architecture, now called Von Neumann Architecture.
- Von Neumann gathered leading thinkers post-WWII to advance computational theory.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Computer Architecture — the design and organization of computer systems, including hardware and instructions.
- Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) — the part of computer architecture defining supported instructions and their formats.
- Hardware System Architecture (HSA) — the organization and logical design of hardware components.
- Von Neumann Architecture — a computer design with stored programs and unified memory for instructions and data.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Prepare for the next session on classifications of computer architecture.