hello and welcome to this video in which I'm going to make you an expert in the witches in Beth so we start with this front page of King James the first book published in Scotland in 1597 and it's called demonology and the reason King James wrote it was to prove that witches existed and also to outline some of their powers now King James came to the throne in 1603 and published it in England at the same time and Macbeth is written in nineteen sorry in 1605 1606 so this is really really new and Shakespeare wants to ingratiate himself which means to get on the right side of King James so he puts the witches in the play but the big question that you want to answer is does he just put them there to please King James or does he actually believe in witchcraft himself and the other key thing we're going to look at is your understanding of the witches because I hope I'm going to change your point of view about them so this is a typical representation about what the three witches might look like in Macbeth and the first thing you'll notice I hope is that although they're quite ugly none of them are obviously male and none of them have beards and this might puzzle you because you will have watched possibly several film versions and in every film version I've ever seen the witches don't have beards but in Shakespeare's play they clearly do that he references it as you will see in a minute in the dialogue and that's important because modern adaptations don't properly take account of what Shakespeare was up to so you're going to find out some stuff in this video that other students don't know and the other really useful thing for you about the video is I'm going to take you through the witches chronologically through the play so here we are at the beginning and the bit that I want to focus on is when the hurlyburly's done when the battles lost and won so right at the very beginning of the play Shakespeare wants to portray the witches as ambiguous and by ambiguous I mean we don't know if they're wholly evil and we also don't know how powerful they are and this is embodied in this idea of the battle being lost and won at the same time that's ambiguous isn't it whose point of view is it lost form whose point of view is it one from and so for example you can say well it's it's clear the battles lost because because Norway's being beaten them Beth as won but if we take the ambiguity a little further well has the battle been won Duncan who's defending himself has actually lost the battle because as a result of the battle Macbeth kills Duncan ok well let's look at my Beth as a result of him winning the battle he's actually lost because he ends up killing Duncan and that leads to his own tragedy so this idea of ambiguity is present with the witches as well they introduced it to us and we have to ask you know are they supernatural or not are they evil or not what exactly is going on right but this quotation is also really cool in another way and I was taught this by a student and just last week at school she said to me sir I had this brilliant idea the witches meet right at the beginning of the play before Macbeth is in the battle do you think she said do you think that the mick which is a meeting to put a protective spell on Macbeth to stop him being killed in the battle because obviously if he kills now if he gets killed in the battle none of the tragedy can unfold that's a really interesting question isn't it so I said well what do we know about Macbeth in the battle ah she said well he fights without his helmet on he gets rid of his shield actually he really does risk death in fact is real miracle isn't it that he survives unscathed untouched and so she was using that as evidence that actually the witches do have some sort of supernatural power and protect Macbeth from harm now it's never made clear because Shakespeare wants us to ask that question but he doesn't want to give us the answer which is strange you'd think that to get her on the right side of King James he'd want to show that the witches are supernatural and they definitely do have power but he doesn't do that Shakespeare is much more interested in the possibility of the psychological flaws in Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and he leaves the ending of the play opened to us to say well actually the witches had no real power at all it was all in the best own fault and see what you think as we go through so now we come to their final line of that scene fair is foul and foul is fair and again you've got this idea around big Uwe T and what seems wonderful is fair actually turns out to be horrible foul that's erm best kingship isn't it but also what seems foul the witches actually took my turn out to be good really puzzling idea so how might the witches be a force for good well if you've watched any of my videos looking at the patriarchal society you will have an instinct of what the witches represent here they represent women's attempts to gain power in a society that set up to give power only to men and consequently as we dig deeper you'll see that all their attacks in the play are only against male characters never against the female characters they are complaining about the patriarchal society they want to change it so that women have more power and we could go a step further and say well a society like this only creates witches because women in it are denied power in the normal world and so surely it's natural for them to turn to superstition or the occult or the devil to try and achieve power through another root so although it's a sailor's wife who refuses to give the first witch some chestnuts it's the husband who gets punished her husband's to Aleppo gone master of the tiger but in a civil vidis a land like a rat without a tail I'll do I'll do and I'll do so it's him that she wants to get revenge on we could go a step further here and see how unlikely it is that she will be able to do as she says so even her desire for revenge might be a signal that she's powerless for example a sieve is a tiny little boat and she's going to have to sail it on her own which is highly unlikely and like a rat without a tail again symbolizes through meta earth through simile how she is also powerless a rat without a tail would be less of a rat unbalanced and the fact that she can't name what she'll do and instead repeats it without naming it suggests that she knows she won't be able to do anything at all the other witches leap to her defense and say well look I'll give you a wind and so on and so we might see this as a possibility or equally through ambiguity again we might see it as a full-on hope she wants revenge by actually we know she can't get it and that explains why the revenge is aimed at the the Sailor and not the wife because it is men who are denying women power and next we have an interesting autobiographical detail from Shakespeare so this sailor though his bark cannot be lost the bark is his boat yet it shall be tempest-tossed look what I have so the autobiographical detail here is King James who believed he was attacked by witches in a storm in a tempest he believed there off the coast of Scotland witches raised this storm tried to kill him and through sinking his boat that couldn't but another way of looking at that story isn't to say that witches have this supernatural power it's also to say that perhaps they don't have that power at all tempest is a natural event the boat didn't even sink and here the witch is saying that she doesn't have the power to sink the boat so Shakespeare's asking us a question here is our belief in the supernatural fictitious and when we get to the end of the play of course there's nothing to show that any of the characters were actually controlled by the witches it's open to our interpretation now some scholars see this as a potential attack on King James making fun of King James's belief which is also possible but to do so would have been really risky because Shakespeare Shakespeare's company of actors is directly sponsored by the Kings patronage they become the Kings players that's their name so it's unlikely that Shakespeare intended for the King to realize that he was making fun of this belief in witchcraft so let's come down to this next quotation here here I have a pilot's thumb wrecked as homeward he did come so this again is a symbol of male power being overcome the pilot is the person who steers the boat just like the witches want to steer Macbeth however there's no indication here that the witches have been able to sink this pilot's boat they're just opportunistic the boats already sunk presumably because the pilot went the wrong way and because it was coming homeward and so the pilot has made a mistake and they use this to try and make Macbeth make mistakes and so this suggests that they don't miss severally have real power over him however you can look at it the other way they're going to use the influence of this pilot who was a bad pilot who made the wrong decisions coming homeward to do exactly the same with Macbeth and of course he makes the wrong decisions at home it's at his own home his own castle that he decides to kill Duncan and we can argue that's what wrecks his kingship because of course if the if the the witches are right then Beth can become King anyway doesn't have to kill Duncan to do and they finish this scene identifying themselves as the weird sisters and the sisters are bound together hand in hand this again is a symbol of women needing power and needing each other's support to get it so Shakespeare could be directly criticizing the patriarchal society criticizing the idea that women no matter how skilled they are no matter how intelligent are not allowed power and then this final ambiguity in the scene piece the charms wound up is really interesting why do the witches ask for peace and this is a strange thing for them to ask for perhaps they're thinking long term here so when they set macbeth to kill duncan they end up getting rid of Duncan's line and that leads to Banquo son Fleance eventually becoming king which eventually leads to king james so it was believed that King James was descended from Banquo now this is a really interesting bit of political propaganda because on the one hand Shakespeare is saying look Banquo is noble character he does everything right in the play and therefore King James is descended from a really noble character but on the other hand he's also pointing out that that descent only happens because of the witches intervention it's only through this evil act of the witches where they persuade Macbeth that he can become king perhaps through murder that King James gets crowned eventually generations later now bang Crowes words also pick up on this idea of the patriarchy he says about the witches you should be women and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so now as I said most modern productions all the productions I've ever seen get rid of the beards they don't want this confusion between male and female now on one level this is a bit of historical context coming to play Shakespeare deliberately has the women played by men and in Shakespeare's time an older man would have had a beard that's how you'd have seen his masculinity and the younger men without beers would have been used to play female characters but he could have chosen younger men to play the female characters without beers but he deliberately chooses not to he gives these women beards because he wants to symbolize something what is it he wants to symbolize that their desires are to become more male this of course will link them to Lady Macbeth who wants to become more male so if we take a little deeper here these women have chosen to become witches in order to achieve more more power and power is only something allowed two males in this patriarchal society which is why they have become all masculine appearance we could take a slightly different view and say well no actually the beards don't symbolize how they want power they symbolize how ugly these women are but then this the argument still works because women are solely judged in this society by their looks you know how attractive they are to a prospective partner then having ugly looks again denies them power they can't marry into it and that would also lead to the fact that they are a sisterhood there are no men who would be interested in them because of their appearance and therefore again it brings this idea of why they'd want revenge against the males in this patriarchal society now a bank Row again doesn't describe them as having supernatural powers in the sense that they can car spells and make things happen instead he gives them the the gift of being able to see into the future which in another play would be considered wisdom so actually what we're getting here is that the the supernatural power they have is merely a high degree of intelligence or a knowledge of the future it's not an evil control of people and events so if you can look into the seeds of time he asks and say which grain will grow and which will not speak then to me so he's understanding here is just that they can see into the future not that they can alter it or control it and Shakespeare sets this up as a kind of intellectual debate you know to which is actually have any power yes they they think they do and they all use all kinds of magic and ritual but that doesn't mean that they actually can control anything so Macbeth asks next say from whence you owe this strange intelligence he's asking where do you get this information about the future from or why upon this blasted Heath you stop our way with such prophetic greeting and this is actually at the heart of their power Macbeth is saying why are you telling me this you know even if it is true why are you telling me and that brings us to the other role of the witches they've actually understood Macbeth psychological floor is ambition and they know that giving him this in formation will control the way he behaves so we've got another possibility now perhaps Macbeth would never become King because the witches don't have any view of the future they don't see what's going to come but what they do see is Macbeth's mind his thinking they have a superb psychological understanding and they know that giving this prophecy pretending to see the future will actually force Macbeth into this action of killing King Duncan and starting the tragedy so we can look at this either to say that the witches do have this supernatural ability to see the future or its opposite they don't see the future but they know they can shape it through psychological exploitation nudging Beth towards his own evil ambitions interesting isn't it so Shakespeare draws some deliberate parallels between Lady Macbeth and the witches and she also looks for supernatural power to change her status as a woman by becoming more of a man a really really powerful hint that Shakespeare is telling us the witch's role is to challenge the patriarchal society sir come you spirits from Annette can I get rid of these emails that tend on mortal thoughts unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty so Shakespeare is making a direct connection with the ability to be cruel is a masculine ability and Shakespeare as in the form of Lady Macbeth wants to become an evil and therefore needs to be unsexed and the clear message is you cannot achieve power in this society unless you become male and then she asked come to my woman's breasts and take my milk for gall she's actually asking for the ability to give milk to her child to her baby to be taken way now she doesn't call them witches she calls them spirits and and that causes us to wonder whether they're actually evil again spirit is a neutral word and when we look at this a bit more closely she's there power comes from tending on mortal thoughts so there's an admission here from Lady Macbeth that male power is not real it's just something that exists in the minds of people in this society so actually what she's trying to do is just change the way that people think now by extension we could argue that Shakespeare is doing the same thing he wants to change how people think about women it's quite profound thought isn't it to think of him as a kind of feminist figure here of course the conventional view of Lady Macbeth is that she is punished for not sticking to her feminine role she's punished for actually becoming more male and for her diarist cruelty but this again could be an attack by Shakespeare on this society because the only reason she turns to this evil way of achieving power is because she can never become queen in her own right she simply wouldn't be recognized she can only do so through the influence of her husband because this is a patriarchal society and finally her final words of this speech are really quite interesting this last phrase to cry hold-hold is planted here as a deliberate foreshadowing of macbeth final words when he fights Macduff where he says damned be he who first cries hold hold enough and so he actually echoes Lady Macbeth's words what this means is that Macbeth is influenced by his wife again mask to a psychological reason for his behavior not then the fact that the witches have manipulated him as much as we're led to believe his wife's influence over him seems to be equally powerful if not more that's important to consider when you're trying to evaluate the power of the witches actually is Lady Macbeth a more powerful figure in influencing her husbands than the witches are and Shakespeare keeps asking us that question he keeps wanting us to keep asking does the supernatural have real power over us or do we only give it power through our beliefs and thoughts so when Banquo now meets Macbeth he tries to get Macbeth to speak about the witches prophecies and to get him to open up he says I dreamt last night of the three weird sisters while Macbeth dismisses this I think not of them but let's go back to this if we take this and literally then Banquo has dreamt of the witches last night but if you've been paying attention to the play they only met the witches today after the battle this is the same day of the battle and it's before Duncan gets killed so what Banquo is saying is I've actually met these weird sisters in my dreams before we met them in real life and now that strongly suggests that they have supernatural power but we can look at this as a political act by Banquo so this is in fact a lie is just a way of getting Macbeth to talk about the witches presumably because Banquo wants to stop Macbeth killing Duncan he knows that that's at the back of him at best mind and he wants to protect his friend as well as protect the king and protect Scotland so again Shakespeare plays with the ambiguity they're witches might have real power or they might not so modern directors often play with this idea of of the witch's power when we come to the dagger scene here so here on that best words is this a dagger which I see before me the handle that should be turned towards my hand I thought come let me clutch thee I have thee not and yet I see thee still so clearly not a real dagger so some directors play this as a psychological episode where we see no dagger we just see Macbeth reacting as though he can see it and we don't and we're left with the ambiguity is it in best mind or is it a supernatural presence however some directors present this with the witches holding the imaginary dagger and Beth doesn't see the witches they are an invisible force so some directors come down very strongly on this idea of the supernatural and the witches controlling that best thoughts however Shakespeare doesn't he deliberately leads it open to our interpretation to decide whether there's no influence from the witches at all it's just my best desires and that caused him to hallucinate in this way because they clash with his conscience the knowledge that he should not kill the king and that's what causes the schism a schism is a Great Divide conflict so the schism in his mind and this ambiguity continues after he's killed Duncan so he tells Lady Macbeth methought I heard a voice cry Sleep No More Macbeth does murder sleep so again this is the schism in his mind but it could also be supernatural they might actually have been a voice for only he can hear it might actually have been the witches acting on his mind enjoying their revenge but equally we can look at this as not anything to do with witches whatsoever this is his own conscience speaking out and attack him Macbeth tries to hint that it might be the witches so he says gloms hath murderd sleep and therefore Cawdor shall Sleep No More so he deliberately echoes the welcome from the witches where they hail him fame of glands and then they hail him thing of Cawdor but then they say hail him as king but here Macbeth doesn't name himself as king he names himself as Macbeth so again we could read this as him trying to claim the witches have spoken to him like this but the final part of the sentence suggests that no perhaps it is he himself Macbeth who was created that voice otherwise they would have said King Macbeth shall Sleep No More interesting isn't it ok well now we get a bit of a change of tone so the witches disappear from the play for a long time until Macbeth decides to go back and visit them and what we have is a new character called Hector T who is female so many scholars think that Hector T is created late in the writing process simply to give one of his main actors apart you know so it's written with a particular actor in mind who's not playing elsewhere in the play and they part of the reason that they assume this is when we look at the dialogue here that's given to equity it just doesn't feel like Shakespeare and there's the suspicion that this cap of this actors written his own part so instead of being written in 10 syllables lines the lines now suddenly become 8 syllables long and if I jump forward a bit to the spell the charm that the witch is going in with together after they've met Pekka T and the syllable pattern changes again I of Newton toe of frog wool of bat and tongue of dog adders fork and blind-worms sting lizards leg and owlets wing you can see it's a really childish saw and it's often six syllables per line not Shakespeare like at all so one possible interpretation of this is that Shakespeare's making fun of the idea of witches you know this scene which is supposed to reveal their power actually does the opposite it shows how their their spells are almost a childish game and the rhythm of the spell is not sinister at all it's quite cheerful it's quite interesting possibility that Shakespeare is saying our belief in witchcraft is just as childish as this so let's examine the wording a little more closely Hecate accuses the three weird sisters of being saucy and overbold so for doing too much trying to take on too much how did you dare he asks how did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth now this is the platter a patriarchal society at work here how can you miserable ugly women dare to mess with Macbeth the most important person in Scotland with riddles and affairs of death so instead of praising them for what they've done Hector T actually criticizes them it's quite interesting isn't it and so the criticism here is not that they're evil because death is obviously you know bring about people's death is evil but that they are upsetting the social order peggotty is attacking the witches for trying to become more powerful and influence men and if we go a little further what is worse all you have done have been for but for a wayward son' spiteful and wrathful who as others do loves for his own ends not for you so this is a strong clearest of why the weird sisters have become witches in the first place is because they are not loved Hecate assumes that their attack on Macbeth is actually not to lead him to tragedy it's to make Macbeth respect them to love them so asking format bets love Macbeth is the wayward son that they want to love them that's Hecker T's interpretation and Hecker T criticizes them because she says that Annabeth is spiteful and wrathful so Macbeth is evil Macbeth is full of anger and therefore he's not capable of love and he's not going to love you at all and that lack of love is the same as others do Macbeth feels about you exactly as the rest of society does so this is a really powerful clue that Hecker T thinks the weird sisters have turned to evil in order to overcome the effects of living in a patriarchal society that offers them no power but also no value there so value Asst well ulis that no one can love them for themselves appearance is everything if you're a woman now if we look at the witch's chorus and we can analyze it in terms of their power double double toil and trouble fire burn and cauldron bubble again a really childish rhyme which suggests that actually they don't have any power of evil here and look at what they're creating not murder not disrupt destruction trouble how innocent is that word and it might be that this isn't used ironically at all it's used as an actual description of the power they have being ugly and weird and cast offs from society they can engage in all this kind of ritual but actually they don't have any real power at all the power is all in the mind of the person they're trying to influence and this is emphasised when the second which talks about Macbeth's coming by the pricking of my thumb's some wicked this way comes the wicked description is much worse than they described their own power which was only to cause trouble so this is a clear signal that the witches don't really have that much influence on Macbeth at all it is his own wickedness so if we look at the idea of tragedy and that fatal flaw of the hero Hammar sure or hamartia depending on how you pronounce it and the witches are pointing out here it is Macbeth's own hamartia his ambition that leads to this his wickedness it's not them they are only exploiting something that's already within something that Macbeth already embodies his own evil ambitious nature and now Shakespeare does something rather interesting which you might have missed and it would be very easy for the witches to have a trance or a spell or however they want to do it and tell Macbeth the visions of the future but instead Shakespeare removes the witches he says but the first which asks Macbeth save Faust rather hear it from our mouths us the weird sisters all from our masters and Macbeth says : let me see them he wants to talk to the Masters well why introduce this idea of a master well it brings us back to the patriarchal society the witches are being controlled by another power and that power is a male that's why it's a master and not a mistress in other words he's giving a really strong crew that the witches don't have any real evil powers at all the possibility of prophecy of being able to look into the future is actually not theirs it belongs to outside forces which are because they are more powerful male forces masters not female forces mistresses but even here Shakespeare wants to preserve the ambiguity the question of whether evil really does have supernatural powers whether evil is just simply a human emotion so the first apparition says Macbeth Macbeth Macbeth beware Macduff beware the Thane of Fife dismissed me enough well it looks like this is prophecy because it's Macduff who comes along and eventually kills Macbeth but actually it's not this is just a reasonable assumption um Beth already knows that Macduff is a dangerous character because he says thou has harped my fear aright so it's no big mystery that the first apparition decides to tell him that Macduff is a danger the second apparition says be bloody bold and resolute laugh to scorn the power of man for none of woman born shall harm Beth so this is a Rikki ridiculous statement because every person is born of a woman so rather than this being a prophecy that Macbeth can't be killed we could look at it as ludicrous it's impossible for Macbeth to be so powerful that no man could ever kill him so or indeed no woman because a woman would be born of a woman as well so it's actually nonsense and if we do look at how he's actually killed this idea that Macbeth was from his mother's womb untimely ripped is still a bit of a cheat isn't it because she's still a woman and what happened in Shakespeare's time was that the mother would be given a cesarean and then the baby brought out and often women would die from this Azarian because they certainly didn't have the the right sort of surgery to prevent blood loss and to make sure the woman was healed but what they didn't do is kill the woman first and then take the baby out that's the only technical that this prophecy could be true that Macduff's mother was already dead when he was born well that is possible but again if the witches know that Macduff is the danger they might equally know and the story of Macduff's birth you know wouldn't be particularly secret because his mother would have died in childbirth so this again doesn't necessarily give us any supernatural knowledge or supernatural power at all and Shakespeare deliberately plays with us in this way because he wants us to decide for ourselves does witchcraft really exist I'm sure people pretend to be witches or believe that they're witches but actually do they have any real power or is it all just in their own minds and the minds of the observers well alright what what about a third apparition who says Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be shall never be beaten until great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him well that does sound like supernatural knowledge because the the wood does appear to come against him when each soldier chops down branches and uses them as camouflage to hide their number but that's not really supernatural knowledge here perhaps you know how would you if you were attacking a castle stop the people in the castle seeing how many soldiers you had well this is the only way and it's probably a very well used tactic if you're laying siege to a castle again it's not a mystery it's just the third apparition saying yeah you're not gonna be feat defeated until someone lays siege to your castle well that doesn't take any brilliant supernatural knowledge or even any brilliant level of deduction you know Sherlock Holmes didn't have to solve the case anyone in you anything about warfare at the time would have been able to work this out for themselves and it's kind of a miracle that Macbeth but this last bit of apparent supernatural power does more strongly suggest that there is a power at work here so the last thing that Macbeth sees from the witches masters is a show of eight Kings our last with a glass in his hand a glass being a mirror and the ghost of Banquo following and what this is intended to show is all Banquo's descendants remaining as king long after Macbeth is dead so this is a political act by Shakespeare showing the whole audience how wonderful James King James is because he is rumored to have been descended from Banquo and so that's where the eight kings come in eight generations ago we had Malcolm who's gonna take over from Beth but this eventually leads to Fleance becoming King which eventually leads to James becoming King so if you want to argue that the witches do indeed have a supernatural power then this is probably your best evidence even though it's not the witches who's showing this it's their masters this is the best evidence that they can see into the future but if we just leave it at that it doesn't mean that they have the power of controlling the Beth they are just seeing into the seeds of time they have the gift of prophecy they don't actually necessarily through magic anyway shape the future the other possibility of course is that what they do is shape Macbeth's fate so this is an interesting idea because Malcolm becomes King at the end just as he would have done and if Macbeth had never killed and Duncan because that was the plan that was Duncan's a rule of succession he decided that Malcolm the Prince of Cumberland would become king and so Macbeth has changed nothing that future has already been mapped out all Macbeth has done is changed his own future he's brought about his own early death again Shakespeare suggesting that best desires are what I've destroyed him not the influence of the riches at all and it also points to another political fact people who wish to become King committing regicide getting rid of the rightful king like Macbeth does with Duncan not only do they fail to succeed you know they eventually die like Macbeth does they actually don't change history history is already set that's what the show of eight kings is about and it's it's set and returns to its normal path so it's a kind of double attack on anyone who was thinking of killing King James where Shakespeare was saying well that's pointless it's going to ruin your life if you do but more than that you'll just be forgotten in history because history will just swallow you up and follow its normal course in other words the act of killing a king is utterly pointless well obviously be plenty of people who wanted power who would disagree but Shakespeare obviously is playing a political game here and he's just seen James survive the Gunpowder Plot and he's giving out the political message to future plotters you've got no chance even if you succeeded it's pointless the message of course isn't to stop them the message is to gain the favor of the king who applauded Shakespeare's sentiments and message and fittingly the last references to the weird sisters the witches happen right at the end of the play so Macduff talks about this prophecy that Macbeth can't be killed by a man born of a woman as a charm a spell deliberately echoing the witch's words when they said peace the charms wound up and some Duff is is suggesting that this isn't real power it's just a rhyme it's just something you've chosen to believe in but actually it's not true um best final words about the matter and be these juggling fiends no more believed he recognizes that it's simply belief in them that has led to this tragedy so even in best mind they haven't caused the tragedy through controlling events they have merely planted ideas in his mind they've juggled with him he himself is therefore the fool who has been fooled by them so right at the very end Macbeth realizes that it's not the witch's supernatural power but it's their exploitation of his psychology and they've got inside his mind and manipulated him hence the juggling and they haven't caused his downfall they've just exploited the weakness that he would already have given into so in his own mind he clearly blames himself so well done if you've got to the end of this you've revised brilliantly and I'll give you a free copy of my language guide if you've got to the end of this and post a comment proving to me that you've got to the end I guess the comment will prove it because nobody else would have got this far so first two people to leave me a comment I will give you a free copy of my language guide to the exam thank you very much for watching don't forget to subscribe if you want more and I hope you've enjoyed the grade 9 analysis of the witches and of course you could use this to analyze Lady Macbeth or Macbeth because we've covered them in loads of detail so that's three a star essays in one good luck with your revision and even if you're not studying for an exam I you found this really useful thank you for watching