The Hittite Empire

Introduction

• The Hittite Empire was one of the most powerful ancient empires.
• Located in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), also known as Asia Minor.
• Indo-European culture that expanded significantly.

Historical Context

• Preceded by the Hatti civilization, indigenous to Anatolia.
• The Hittites emerged around 1700 BCE, developing from the Hatti.
• Known adversaries of Egypt and mentioned in biblical texts and the Amarna Letters.

Periods of Control

• Old Kingdom (1700-1500 BCE):

  • Founded by Hattusili I, originally from Kussara.
  • Hattusa, the capital, was established after Hattusili I rebuilt it.
  • Kings struggled with internal conflicts and rebellion.

• New Kingdom/Hittite Empire (1400-1200 BCE):

  • Reached peak under King Suppiluliuma I.
  • Major expansion and consolidation of territories.
  • Engaged in significant battles, such as the Battle of Kadesh.

Decline and Fall

• Decline began after the peak of the empire under Suppiluliuma I.
• Challenges from Assyrians, Sea Peoples, and internal strife led to the fall.
• Final destruction of Hattusa in 1190 BCE by Kaska tribe.

Archaeological Discoveries

• Rediscovered in the late 19th century with excavations at Boghaskoy (Hattusa).
• Discovery of 10,000 clay tablets revealed much about Hittite history and administration.

Cultural Influence

• Hittites wrote in Akkadian script and used cylinder seals.
• Influenced by and traded with Mesopotamian cultures.

Legacy

• Despite the fall, the region was still known as the 'Land of the Hatti' by 630 BCE.
• The Hittites and their achievements were mostly forgotten by this time.

Conclusion

• World History Encyclopedia offers more information and guided tours.
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