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Overview of the Hittite Empire

Mar 14, 2025

The Hittite Empire

Introduction

  • The Hittite Empire was one of the most powerful ancient empires.
  • Located in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), also known as Asia Minor.
  • Indo-European culture that expanded significantly.

Historical Context

  • Preceded by the Hatti civilization, indigenous to Anatolia.
  • The Hittites emerged around 1700 BCE, developing from the Hatti.
  • Known adversaries of Egypt and mentioned in biblical texts and the Amarna Letters.

Periods of Control

  • Old Kingdom (1700-1500 BCE):

    • Founded by Hattusili I, originally from Kussara.
    • Hattusa, the capital, was established after Hattusili I rebuilt it.
    • Kings struggled with internal conflicts and rebellion.
  • New Kingdom/Hittite Empire (1400-1200 BCE):

    • Reached peak under King Suppiluliuma I.
    • Major expansion and consolidation of territories.
    • Engaged in significant battles, such as the Battle of Kadesh.

Decline and Fall

  • Decline began after the peak of the empire under Suppiluliuma I.
  • Challenges from Assyrians, Sea Peoples, and internal strife led to the fall.
  • Final destruction of Hattusa in 1190 BCE by Kaska tribe.

Archaeological Discoveries

  • Rediscovered in the late 19th century with excavations at Boghaskoy (Hattusa).
  • Discovery of 10,000 clay tablets revealed much about Hittite history and administration.

Cultural Influence

  • Hittites wrote in Akkadian script and used cylinder seals.
  • Influenced by and traded with Mesopotamian cultures.

Legacy

  • Despite the fall, the region was still known as the 'Land of the Hatti' by 630 BCE.
  • The Hittites and their achievements were mostly forgotten by this time.

Conclusion

  • World History Encyclopedia offers more information and guided tours.
  • Video encourages viewer engagement and support through various platforms.