Erik Erickson's Psychosocial Development: Integrity vs. Despair

Overview

• Erikson's theory is a stage theory of psychosocial development.
• Each stage builds on the previous one.
• The final stage is for those aged 65 or 70 and over.
• This stage focuses on the end-of-life review, also known as "integrity versus despair."

End-of-Life Review

• Individuals ask themselves: "Did I live a good life?"

• Ego Integrity

  • Achieved if the answer is yes.
  • Individuals feel they have played their cards well, given their genetics and environment.
  • Leads to self-awareness, acceptance, and pride.
  • These individuals are seen as wise and deserving of respect.

• Despair

  • Experienced if the answer is no.
  • Results from regret over unplayed opportunities or poor decisions.
  • Individuals feel regret and resentment.

Cultural Perspective

• In many cultures, elderly people are revered and seen as wise.
• They should be treated with honor and respect.

Life in the Final Stage

• Some continue to invest in life and live their "golden years."
• Concerns about death are less prominent compared to earlier stages.
• Acceptance of life achievements and limitations is common.

Comparison with Previous Stages

• Previous stage involved "midlife reflection" with time left for change.
• Final stage involves reflecting with limited time to make changes.
• Missed opportunities in earlier life stages can lead to despair in old age.

Life Lessons

• Live life taking opportunities and risks.
• Most regrets come from things not done, rather than mistakes made.
• Aim to live without regrets and with a sense of integrity.

Criticism and Endurance of Erickson's Theory

• Some critique the universal applicability of Erickson's stages.
• Despite criticisms, it has stood the test of time better than Freud's theories.
• Supported by research.

Final Thoughts

• Reflect on your life to ensure you feel content and fulfilled.
• The goal is to be able to say, "Yes, I did live a good life."