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Understanding the Money Multiplier Concept

May 29, 2025

G&G 2.0 Series - Day 9 Lecture Notes

Introduction

  • Day 9 of G&G 2.0, a 21-day series.
  • Emphasis on regular attendance and active participation.
  • Importance of continuous hard work for drastic change.

Banking Topic: Money Multiplier

  • Concept: Creation of credit by commercial banks using initial deposits.
  • Process: Money deposited is multiplied by banks, increasing the money supply.

Key Definitions and Formula

  • Money Multiplier: Process of multiplying money deposited in commercial banks.
  • Formula: Money Multiplier = 1 / LRR (Legal Reserve Ratio)

Process Explanation

  1. Banking System Assumptions:

    • Entire banking system treated as one unit ("bank").
    • All transactions occur through the bank, not in cash.
  2. Deposits and Loans:

    • Banks maintain a reserve (LRR) and distribute the rest as loans.
    • Example:
      • Initial Deposit = 1000
      • LRR = 20% = 0.20
      • Money Multiplier = 1 / 0.20 = 5
      • Bank transforms 1000 into 5000 through loans.
  3. Cycle of Money Creation:

    • Initial deposit of 1000.
    • Bank reserves 20% (200) and loans out 800.
    • Loan recipient spends 800, goes back to bank (800 deposit).
    • Process repeats with decreasing amounts until total reserves = initial deposit.

Observations

  • Inverse Relationship: Multiplier and LRR are inversely related. Lower LRR leads to more money creation.
  • Total Deposit Calculation: Total deposits become multiple of initial due to repeated cycles.

Example Calculation

  • Total Deposits = Initial Deposit x Money Multiplier
  • For 1000 initial deposit at 20% LRR:
    • Total Reserves = 1000
    • Total Deposits = 5000

Summary

  • Banks create multiple credits from initial deposits through the money multiplier process.
  • Legal requirements compel banks to keep a reserve fraction (LRR), influencing money multiplication.

Closing Remarks

  • Banking topic completed.
  • Follow-up with a video on Indian ICO Unit 1.
  • Importance of short breaks and continuous learning.

Note: Make sure to review and understand the full process of money multiplication and the impact of LRR on banking operations.