hi there and welcome to national fight biology unit 1 cell biology and the first key area so unit 1 is divided up into six key areas and we're going to start off with number one which is cell structure this has a look for different types of cells what they have inside them what the function of these are and google compare the four cells as well so in national five biology you can be asked to compare or state the organelles present in four types of cell animal cells plant cells bacterial cells and fungal cells so we will start off by looking at the structure of an animal cell so in your animal cell you start off with around the site you have this structure called a cell membrane working around from the right this strange almost over like object is called a mitochondria and little black dots that you often find are called ribosomes in the middle of the cell often colored black is the nucleus and the jelly-like liquid the fills in the gap between all of these is called the cytoplasm so for now I'm going to go through the structure of the four types of cell I don't want you to worry too much about what these different structures do I just want it to concentrate on where you find them in the cell and what they look like we'll discuss what they do later on in this lesson so you will find these are all the structures that are present in an animal cell next we want to a plant cell plant cell contains all the organelles we've just looked at in the animal cell but there are some others that are unique to our cells as well so starting off in the right we again have these ribosomes that are dotted around so next you have the nucleus it looks slightly different in this diagram but usually it's just a black dot and in the cell we also have the cytoplasm which is the space between all these different structures we have two mitochondria that we've looked at previously as well and then we move on to something a bit more unique to plant sales so these chloroplasts are what makes the plants green they're often shown by green dots in the cell and they're responsible for what census by containing a pigment called chlorophyll it's a good way of just knowing straight away that a cell must be applying cell if they have a chloroplast related sir is the vacuole so this big structure in the middle of the cell it is called the vacuole it contains cell sap and again is unique to plant cells so if you have a diagram of a cell with a vacuole in it and you're asked what sort of cell this must be it must be a vacuole moving on we have a structure that was not present in the animal cell which is a cell wall this is the structure that has around the side of their cell but inside from that is a cell membrane which we have seen in the animal cell so again the plant cell contains cell membrane ribosomes angry clears cytoplasm and made Conger that we have already looked at but they also have a cell wall vacuole and chloroplasts as well which are not found in the animal cells moving on to bacterial cell which looks a bit different from what we looked at before again has a cytoplasm which is just a space between all the other cell organelles there's a cell membrane in this also and instead of a nucleus bacterial cells have rings subject material that are called plasmids so again if you're asked to describe what sort of cell this must be straightaway you will know it's about tear yourself because it contains a plasmid instead of a nucleus again there are these ribosomes who have worked at and another object is unique to bacterial cells are these bacterial chromosomes so there's strange rhythm like object in the cell as well is again similar genetic material but it's not a nucleus and as with the plant cell there is a cell membrane but there is also a cell wall that as a bacteria so wish we did not find in the animal cell moving on to the final cell that you'll need to know is the fungal cell I like to try and think of the fungal cell as an animal cell with a cell wall because everything else is the same so there's a cell wall I've mentioned so again the only cell that does not have a cell wall is the animal so there's I can get clear swimmers as well ribosomes a cytoplasm a cell membrane and hopefully the bias point you can recognize a mitochondria so like I said previously it's an animal cell or loops like an animal cell with a cell wall often in questions you'll do what operate yeast cells yes are a form of fungus so a yeast cell is a fungal cell just in case that confuses you at any point so again need to go through these look at the diagrams copy them out and try and use this table that I've included at the bottom of the slides to remember where you would find these cells where you find these structures of cells and compare the four different types of cell as well as knowing the different cell organelles and what cells you would find them in you will also need to be able to identify name and describe the function of all of the cell organelles that we have discussed so once you're comfortable with remembering what organelles are found in which cells we need to remember what these organelles actually do why they are there what I'd like you to do is to copy at this table and and what we'll then move onto in this lesson is going through each of these organelles and what they do and where they are found and try and fill this end and learn them so we'll start off with the cell wall so as I said before you find the cell wall in all of these cells apart from and more cells and their role is to support and strengthen the cell now I've noted here that is freely permeable will come to that term about later on but all you know just now is that it allows everything to move through it but the point of the cell wall is to support and strengthen the cell and an important note is made up of a structural carbohydrate called cellulose if you think cellulose says cell and the word just remember last was made up off it comes up quite a lot next on that is the cell membrane so the cell membrane is different from the cell wall and that it is selectively permeable that means some substances can come through the cell membrane but some can't this is quite an easy one to remember because they are found in all four types of cell that we have flu time something else is found in all of the four cells is a cytoplasm now this space that jelly-like substance that's found between all the different cell organelles is the location of chemical reactions within ourselves there's lots of reactions that take place and the all take place in the cytoplasm next is the mitochondria there we came across the mitochondria in the animal cells plant cells and fungal cells but not in the bacterial cells by tundra is very important as is the location of aerobic respiration we will look at robic respiration later on in unit 1 but for now all we need to know as us is where ATP or energy is made in the cell so a very important cell structure chloroplasts the bespoke by le Ron are green because they contain chlorophyll this is where photosynthesis takes place and the pond cell and again you'll only find them in plant cells so straight away if you see a chloroplast you know it as a plant cell similarly the vacuole is only in our planter and it contains sales app it's also useful for supporting the cell as well if you see a vacuole as a plant cell ribosomes are found in all four cells that we have looked at and their location of protein synthesis that is where proteins are made again we will look at ribosomes and protein synthesis and more detail later on but for now you just need to know what this is the location of proteins access plasmids are found in the bacterial cells so a good way buying a bacterial cell straightaway they do not have nucleus they have plasmids that do the same job they're the location of genetic material I'm speaking via class we find these in the animal cells plant cells and fungal cells but not in bacterial cells these control most cell activities and are where the jack information is stored in a cell so I know there's a lot of information there so please go back through all the information pause it make sure you are bearing it make sure you can compare all these types of cell and you know the different structures have what they do I've included here what they asked me I want you to know from this first key area so as long as you know what the function of all these structures are you know the structures you can describe them you can point them out in a diagram and you can identify the different cells you'll be told if a what we need to do what I'm going to do next so it's going to be a selection of passed paper questions I'll explain them once I've explained them I'd like you to pause the video answer it they all go through the answer in this first multiple-choice question you've been given three different cells P Q and R the question is asking you to identify the plant cell or plant cells so a is P a are only B is P and Q only C is P only and D is our only pause the video and give it an answer okay so hopefully you should have realized that the correct answer is B P and Q only this is because by looking at the cells P and Q both have a cell wall a cell membrane and a vacuole whereas R only has a cell membrane so it cannot possibly be a plant so the key thing to look for again is the vacuole sometimes people look at P and think those must be chloroplasts a random so Q is not a plant cell but if it has a vacuole is a pond so in this next question you have been given structure X now although it be useful for you to identify what structure X is it wants you to tell you with what the structure X is actually made of starch cellulose protein or phospholipids pause the video I'll go through the answer so hopefully you can identify the structure X is the cell wall and in doing so you'll know the cell wall is made up of cellulose so the correct answer would be be similar to the last question you've been given for different cell structures a b c and d none of them have been named and ask you which part of the cell is composed of cellulose pause the video and I will go for the answer okay so this one should be easy by looking at the previous question but you should know that B is a cell wall and the cell walls are made up of cellulose in this question there are two different parts the first one is to identify the type or types of cell which have a cell wall both animal cells plant cells bacterial cells and fungal cells in the second part you have to identify the type or types of cell which have a plasmid pause the video and I will go through the answer okay so for Part A you should hope to remember that an animal cell is the only cell out of these four that does not have a plant cell a cell wall right there for plant cell bacterial cell and fungal cells have cell walls for part two you have to identify the type or types of cell which have a plasmid you should remember that a plasmid is a unique feature to a bacterial cell so that Tyrael cell has a plasmid and for this final question you have been given a structure X you have to identify what is but you also have to see what the function of the structure is pause video I'll describe the answer so hopefully should by looking at this diagram you should know that structure X is a mitochondria so important for you to know is what the mitochondria actually does and hopefully you'll remember that the mitochondrion is the site of aerobic respiration but should be answer see once you've went through these and you're happy with the information and the past paper questions go on to quizzes attempt the questions that I have added for one point one silk structure and then we can move on to one point two which is transport across the cell membrane