lamborghini's new Tamario has not one but three of the most advanced motors in the world they are also cleverly integrated into the vehicle providing over 440 horsepower the motors concept was first developed in 2005 during a PhD at the University of Oxford but has recently seen some considerable advancements and variations of it are now inside some of the most powerful cars in the world not only that but the design powered the world's fastest electric plane and is transforming the world of propulsion as we know it so let's see how it works what makes it so revolutionary and how Lamborghini are implementing it i'm Ryan Inennis and this is a Zeroth deep dive in this video we'll cover why these axial flux motors are so power dense the specific innovations making the motors used in the new Lamborghini unique and the innovative way they have directly incorporated one of the motors into the V8 engine i respect your time so if you want to jump to any of those sections the timeline is labeled to make it easier for you firstly the incredible axial flux motor is the creation of the company Yasa it was founded by Dr tim Wulmer in 2009 after developing a prototype during his PhD at the University of Oxford in 2005 it is similar in principle to conventional axial flux motors but with some interesting differences before diving in it's useful to remember that electric motors work using magnetic fields inside a typical permanent magnet motor the magnets are attached to the central rotating part which is called the rotor surrounding this is the stator which stays still and contains the copper wire windings when we pass AC electricity through these windings it creates a rotating magnetic field this field pushes and pulls on the magnets in the rotor causing it to spin with electric motors you can have radial or axial flux with the flux just being the flow of something in this case magnetic fields in radial flux the magnetic fields flow from the middle to the outside along the radius in axial flux it flows sideways along the axis kind of like if you had two pizza trays where the magnetic fields would flow from one to the other as they span around there is a bit of debate however around the claimed benefits of axial flux motors some people say that they offer higher torque and power densities meaning that they have more torque or power for a given amount of weight so is that true well sometimes the torque densities are generally better and that's because the magnets which generate the rotating force in the motor are further away from the middle just like how using a longer spanner gives you more leverage to undo a tight bolt having these magnets further away from the center gives them more leverage or moments to spin the motor this therefore means that they can have higher tors for a given mass of motor it's kind of like a built-in gear gears are interesting because they allow you to trade off between speed and torque but because torque goes up as speed goes down we always have the same amount of power if we forget about any other losses now axial flux motors have a similar type of consideration because by increasing the size of the motor outwards although it gives it more torque it makes it harder to safely operate at higher speeds this is because for a set speed say 100 RPM the further something is from the center the faster it must move to complete a full rotation this faster speed pulls the magnet outwards with more and more force causing stresses within the electric motor this trade-off is in part why the power densities of axial flux motors are not always higher than in radial flux motors the best radial flux motors can make up for their lack of torque by hitting extremely high speeds and then just increase their torque later through a transmission though this does add more weight and drops efficiency okay so from what I've read we can generally assume that an axial flux motor will have higher torque densities but not always higher power densities for example Monroe and Associates recently tore down this axial flux motor from Omni Motors looking at its design I would guess it doesn't have much of a power density improvement compared to a standard radial flux motor but that doesn't mean it isn't useful higher torque without gearing and improved packaging are extremely beneficial however the Yasa axial flux motor in the new Lamborghini goes much further than this it isn't your standard axial flux motor the name Yasa actually tells us a lot about the motor used by Lamborghini as well as many other supercar manufacturers though Lamborghinis is a more advanced customdesigned version yasa stands for yokeless and segmented armature and is the breakthrough that Dr tim Wulma had during his PhD at Oxford so let's break it down the yolk of an electric motor is the structural backbone that holds everything together and plays a crucial role in the motor's magnetic circuit typically made of iron or steel the yolk surrounds the sta which is the stationary part of the motor and you can actually see it in the tear down from Monroe it has two main purposes mechanical support and magnetic flux guidance which just means maintaining the correct flow of magnetic fields it provides a sturdy frame that holds the motor's internal components in place ensuring durability and reliability but most importantly completing the magnetic circuit by directing the magnetic fields that are generated by the stator and rotor however in the advanced yokeless design from Yasa they found out a way to completely remove the yolk massively reducing weight and improving efficiency part of the way they have done this is by using stronger bindings and material science innovations that make the status strong enough without the yolk there that is to say there is a structural component there to hold everything together but it isn't a heavy iron block and it doesn't interfere with the magnets to make up for the fact that the yolk isn't there they had to get a little bit more creative on how they controlled the flows of the magnetic fields one way they did this was by using two permanent magnet rotors one on each side of the yokeless stator not only does this increase the strength of the magnetic fields which further boosts torque it also guides the magnetic fields so the magnetic loops can be closed another change they made was to increase the size of the copper coils so that they better aligned with the size of the magnets this was described in a paper from Dr tim Walmer during his PhD and I believe it was to help with the magnetic flows and structural integrity which as we know are important for the yokeless design the second part of the name segmented armature refers to the armature which is the part of the motor that contains the copper coils these carry the electrical current and generate the magnetic field needed for the motor's operation unlike traditional motors where the armature is a continuous structure the Yasa motors armaturate is divided into separate independent segments this improves cooling as air and liquids can flow around the windings more effectively improving efficiency and therefore power density we can also see that almost all of those copper windings which make up the electromagnets are inside the magnetic fields of the permanent magnets meaning that they can all be useful for generating torque and power if we compare this to a radial flux motor we can see that the end windings stick out and therefore don't add to the motor's performance in fact we can see this in the motor torn down by Monroe too this makes a key point that I want you to take away from this video this Yasa motor used by Lamborghini isn't your standard axial flux motor when all is said and done the yokeless and segmented design removes the need for 80% of the iron used within the STA this is really where the worldleading power density comes from because they've gotten rid of so much of the dead weight it's like how the powertoweight ratio of a rally car can go up by stripping out all of the back seats and extra parts that are designed for comfort the stats from the Yasam motor are truly mind-blowing bringing up to four times more torque and double the power densities of current technologies used in most electric vehicles whilst being 50% lighter and just 20% of the depth of a typical radial electric motor that graphic was from Yasa Motors however and I will say top-of- the- range radial flux machines like those developed by Lucid Motors are starting to catch up in power density though definitely not in torque density the Yasima motor specifically designed for Lamborghini benefits from all of these advancements but also uses new materials and designs to run at higher speeds than we have ever seen before the Yasa motor for the Tamario can run up to 10,000 RPM and is cleverly integrated into the powertrain two motors are placed at the front axle which is possible due to their thin design these offer torque vectoring meaning each wheel has the perfect amount of torque to improve handling and performance the third motor is then fully integrated into the V8 engine's housing which looks pretty awesome engineers integrated the electric motor into the housing of the V8 engine directly without an intermediate clutch this fills any turbo lag no matter how small at any speed the entire electric drive unit is located compactly between the combustion engine and the dual clutch transmission meaning their speeds will be matched to give a natural feel this electric motor also works as the starter motor and three-phase generator it's a similar setup to their 634 but with much higher speeds each motor weighs just 17.3 kg and is 70 mm thick not bad considering they each produce 110 kW of power or 148 horsepower impressively these motors are all powered by a small 3.8 8 kWh battery pack meaning it is outputting some serious power for its size and must have some pretty impressive cooling what's really exciting to me is that this means Yasa are moving towards more volume production something that has plagued axial flux motors due to the lack of manufacturing expertise and cost i think we can all agree that the design and implementation of these motors is nothing short of genius and if you've enjoyed my explanation please consider subscribing it's free now designing and manufacturing these components takes a lot of precision modeling for simulations and machining which is why engineers use computer aided design software like the product from On Shape who made this video possible if you are an engineer tinkerer or part of a business looking for an incredible computer aided design solution then you need to check out On Shape a professional-grade CAD and product data management system designed to revolutionize how you design and manage your products imagine secure realtime collaboration multiple people working on the same design at once no more crashes no loss to data and 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